有什么东西比绝大多数人以为的要更加危险？
What is far deadlier than most people realize? [serious]
译文简介
一些我们平时意识不到的死亡方式。
正文翻译
What is far deadlier than most people realize? [serious]
有什么东西比绝大多数人以为的要更加危险？
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Grapefruit in combination with many -- MANY -- prescxtion drugs. Basically, grapefruit can affect the way your medications work. With some meds, adding grapefruit screws up the way your body metabolizes the drug, so you end up with far more than the prescribed dosage. It can also work in the opposite way with other drugs, leaving you with less than the prescribed dosage. This is especially bad if you have high blood pressure or arrhythmia.
柚子和很多——很多很多——处方药一起吃。简单地说，柚子可以影响你服用的药物的生效方式。对于某些药物来说，和柚子一起吃会改变你的身体新陈代谢药物的方式，所以你最终吸收的药物剂量要比处方给你开的剂量高得多。对于其他药物来说它还可以起反作用，让你吸收的药物剂量比处方开的小得多。假如你有高血压或者心律不齐的话，那么这种情况会尤其严重。
Trucker here. I've had two blood clots in my legs from driving long distances and having my leg pressed against the corner of the seat for hours on end. One almost killed me. Apparently it's very common with truckers. You're supposed to stop and walk around every hour and a half to keep things circulating (which almost nobody does due to time constraints).
我是一个卡车司机。因为我连续几小时开长途，腿一直压着座椅的边缘，我的腿里面曾经有过两个血栓，其中一个差点要了我的命。显然对于卡车司机来说这种事情经常发生。你应该每一个半小时停下车来四处走一走，来让血管里的东西正常流动（但几乎没有人这么做，因为时间太紧了）
显然同样的事情也会发生在电竞椅上面——人们太专注于电子游戏了，所以他们会忘记动一动腿。假如你足够年轻的话，你不用担心太多，但假如你是一个上了年纪的游戏玩家，那么最好小心点。
Testicular torsion - don't be embarrassed to ask for help. In ALL honesty, the embarrassment is ALL IN YOUR HEAD. Doctors & nurses REALLY don't give a fuck, they really don't care, and aren't judging you one bit. They have seen EVERYTHING, and then some more. But they WILL judge you if you make the foolish decision not to seek help coz of made-up embarrassment and lose your balls.
睾丸扭转——别因为尴尬而不寻求帮助。我说真的，这种尴尬完全只存在于你自己的脑子中。大夫和护士真的一点也不在乎，他们真的不在乎，并且也不会评价你怎么样。他们见过太多了，比你严重的多得是。但假如你愚蠢到因为某种虚无缥缈的昂啊而不寻求帮助，最后把你的蛋蛋丢了，那他们可确实会对你说三道四了。
疼痛或许没那么严重，但是在你的睾丸完全坏死之前，你顶多只有几个小时。
编辑：放几个数字——假如你拖延超过6个小时，那么你的睾丸可能会遭遇永久性伤害。超过12个小时，你有75%的概率失去那个睾丸。
Essential oils. Do NOT put them in your food, they are not made to be food safe
精油。别把精油倒进你的饭菜里，它们不是拿来吃的。
Some of them are capable of burning a hole in your esophagus. Why people think they're food safe I'll never know
其中有一些精油甚至可以烧穿你的食道。为什么有人觉得往食品里放那玩意儿安全我是一点也搞不懂。
People are putting essential oils in food??
会有人把精油滴进吃的里？？
Touching shit inside a guitar amp can fuck you up really bad. It holds a charge. And it all comes out at once if you touch the wrong spot.
摸吉他音箱里东西能把你伤得非常厉害。那里面是有电荷的。并且假如你没摸对地方的话，所有电荷就会一股脑儿全出来。
Anything with big capacitors follows this rule. That includes anything with an ac power supply.
任何一个有大电容的东西都遵循这个规则。也就是说任何一个交流电供电的设备都会出现这种问题。
Burned the shit out of my hand a few times on disposable camera capacitors when I was a kid. They're no joke.
我小时候玩弄可拆卸的照相机电池的时候把我的手烫得够呛。这可不是开玩笑的。
Putting feet/legs on dash of car
把腿或者脚放到车的仪表盘上。
I stopped doing that after hearing a horror story from an EMT who went to a crash site where they found a passenger's legs thrown over their shoulders like a scarf. Fuck that.
我以前也这么干，然后一个急救车工作人员给我讲了一个恐怖的故事，说他去过一个车祸现场，发现有个乘客的腿像围巾一样甩到了肩膀后头，我就再也不这么干了。我操。
A crash will send your knees straight into your rib cage
一次撞车会把你的膝盖直接送进胸腔里头。
To add on to this one, driving with wee dogs on your lap. Airbag goes off and the last thing that goes through your mind is Fluffy.
我再加一个，开车的时候把你的小狗放到你的大腿上。气囊弹射出来的时候你脑子里想的最后一件事就是你的小狗勾。
This happened to a friend of mine. Fell asleep at the wheel with her terrier on her lap. She crossed the centerline and hit a car head-on. Her dog was killed on her (all over her) by the airbag. Horrific.
这种事发生到我朋友身上过。开车的时候睡着了，她家的梗犬还在她的腿上。她开过了中线，和一辆车面对面撞上了。她的狗被气囊在她身上杀死了（弄得她浑身都是）。可怕。
Insulin, looking at drops on a table you can barely tell the difference between the therapeutic dose and a lethal one
胰岛素，只看桌子上的两个药片的话你绝对分不清哪个是治疗性的，哪个是致死量。
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As a diabetic it's a little scary, but luckily the cure is just eating sugar. And you can feel your blood sugar dropping low long before you're in real danger of dying. Unless you took some astronomical dose or something.
作为一个糖尿病患者，这确实挺吓人的，不过幸运的是只要你多吃糖就可以解决。并且在你真的面临死亡威胁之前很久，你就可以感到你的血糖在降低。除非你摄入了天文数字剂量的胰岛素之类的。
Some patients can't feel their lows, those people are terrifying to treat sometimes because increasing their dose could drop them and they wouldn't know. That's when I start to reach for a continuous glucose monitor bit those can be expensive sadly.
一些患者是无法感到低血糖的，这些患者治疗起来有时很吓人，因为增加胰岛素的剂量可能会让他们的血糖飞速下降，并且他们根本感觉不到。所以我开始打算购买一个能持续监测血糖的检测仪，但令人难过的是那种东西通常很贵。
My cousin just died from this. Type 1 and took care of it very well. Came home, layed on couch and asked for blanket, boyfriend brought blanket and she was gone. With Type 1, it can happen without a lot of warning, I've been researching a lot since this happened. So sad.
我的表亲之前就死于这个情况。一类糖尿病，照顾得非常好。有一天回家了，躺到沙发上要毯子，男朋友把毯子拿过来发现她已经死了。如果是一类糖尿病，这种情况发生之前是不会有太多警告的。自从这件事发生之后我做过不少研究。真让人难过。
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Stress
压力
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Oh wonderful, now I'm stressed about my stress levels
哦太棒了，现在我开始对自己的压力程度感到压力了。
One of the deadliest things out there. It contributes to and exacerbates many, many existing health problems, not to mention creating new ones.
这是最致命的因素之一，它会导致并且加剧很多，很多已有的健康问题，更不用提会给你带来新的健康问题了。
What's the best way to deal with it though? I always hear how dangerous stress is. I'm stressed out to the max thanks to work. I don't really have any options on removing the stressors so how can I decrease my stress level?
应对压力最好的方法是什么呢？我经常听说压力有多危险。因为我的工作，我现在的压力水平已经拉满了。我真的没有什么掐掉压力来源的选择，所以我该怎么降低我的压力水平？
I'm no doctor but I can say from first hand experience that at least 30 minutes of exercise most days and as little as 5 minutes of meditation works wonders for me. Theres so many guided meditations on YouTube if ur interested in that
我不是个大夫，但是从我的一手经验来说，每天至少30分钟的体育锻炼，以及5分钟的冥想就可以给我带来奇迹。假如你有兴趣的话，YouTube上有非常多的有指导冥想视频。
Cars. Very interesting how much society has normalized the dangers of the road. We often say things like “you’re more likely to die in a car accident than [blank]”, which is intended to make [blank] seem safe, but it really tells us how many people are dying in car accidents all the time.
汽车。社会把道路的危险变得正常化，着很有趣。我们经常说“你们死于（填空）的概率还没有死于车祸高”，虽然本意是要让（填空）看起来安全一点，但其实真正告诉我们的是每年有多少人死于车祸。
Yep. Once my sister was nervous to get in a plane flight when she was small and my mum said “relax, you’re orders of magnitude more likely to die in a car crash than in a plane crash.” It didn’t help, it just made her nervous to be in cars as well
没错，有一次我妹妹还小的时候，她上飞机之前很紧张，然后我妈妈说“放轻松，你死于飞机失事的概率比起死于车祸的概率还要低好几个数量级呢。”这句话并没帮倒忙，只是让她以后坐车的时候也一样紧张了。
Right? Like our meat sack of a body is quite resilient. But we weren't designed to go 100mph in a metal obxt and potentially collide with another.
对吧，就好像我们的这个肉皮囊有多瓷实似的。但我们可不是生来就有能力坐在一个金属盒子里狂飙100英里每小时，并且有可能撞上另一个金属盒子的。
The problem is less that. In trains (at least in Europe) you're at much higher speeds, never mind airplanes. But the difference is that with trains and planes every movement is much more planned and supervised by one person and at least one more person or a piece of technology, whereas with cars on the road you're relying on constant split second decisions from thousands of people around you, usually with nothing supervising those decisions.
问题也不完全在这方面。在火车上（至少是欧洲的）你的时速更高，更不用提飞机了。但区别在于在火车和飞机上，所有的运动都在更完善的计划之内，并且由至少一个人和一些科技部件监控着，而路上的车则需要你依靠每时每刻在不到一秒内做出决策，并且你身边成千上万的人也在和你做出同样的决策，通常还没有人监督他们做出这些决策。
Infections can still fuck you up easily if you don't seek medication attention in time
假如你不及时寻求医疗救助的话，那么感染仍然能很快地要了你的命。
Sepsis is the number one cause of death in hospitals.
脓毒症是医院里死亡原因的第一名。
Had a healthy 18 year old co-worker die from sepsis. Was told while hiking she fell and got a scrape that then got infected. A week later she died. The scary thing is that you don't see even know that something is wrong usually until too late
我有个健康的18岁同事死于脓毒症。听说她徒步的时候摔倒了，擦破了皮，然后感染了。过了一星期她就死了。最吓人的是你甚至不知道有什么事情不对劲，等你发现就太晚了。
Animal bites and scratches are not taken seriously enough far too much of the time. They can cause deadly infections very quickly. When we were teens my friend lost her mom to an infection from a cat scratch. About a week from scratched to dead. Their cat was an indoor-only pet.
动物咬伤和抓伤有很多情况都没有被严肃对待。这些伤可以很快造成致命的感染。我们还是青少年的时候，我的朋友的母亲死于猫爪造成的感染。从抓伤到去世只花了一星期。他们家的猫还是只在室内饲养的。
Engulfment and confined spaces. With confined spaces, people usually don’t realize that O2 runs out rather quickly. Engulfment because people probably don’t think about essentially drowning in non liquids.
塌陷和密闭空间。在密闭空间之中，人们通常不会意识到氧气会很快用光。塌陷意味着人们可能意识不到他们会被不是液体的东西淹死。
Flowing solid materials don’t even have to cover your nose to asphyxiate you. Anything above belly button level will slowly constrict your diaphragm each time you breathe out. Just like a boa constrictor.
流动的固体材料甚至不需要盖住你的鼻孔让你窒息。只要没过你的肚脐眼，它们就可以在你每次呼吸的时候缓慢地压迫你的膈膜。就像蟒蛇一样。
I fell into a de-flashing vat of shirt buttons once when I was about 13 years old. My dad was the plant manager of a shirt button factory in Knoxville, Tennessee back in the early 1980's. He and I were there on a Saturday morning. He was doing paperwork, and I was exploring the plant. Got to the section were the de-flashing tanks were and tried to lean over and scoop up a handful of buttons. Lost my balance and fell in. It was about 5-6 feet deep, but filled with plastic shirt buttons. I went all the way to the bottom. I was able to stand up and and stand on the top of the mixing blades that were turned off. Took forever to get out. The buttons like "squeezed" me as I tried to move. Scariest moment of my life. I don't even let my kids do the whole "bury me in sand at the beach thing". Terrible memories of that.
我在大概13岁那年掉进过衬衫纽扣的去毛边缸里。在上世纪80年代末期，我父亲是田纳西州诺克斯维尔的一个衬衫纽扣工厂的工厂经理。周六早晨我和他在工厂。他在写材料，我在探索工厂。跑到了去毛边的区域，打算弯下腰去捞一把纽扣上来。结果失去了平衡，掉下去了。大概有5-6英尺深，但满是塑料衬衫纽扣。我一下子掉到底下去了。我可以站起来站到关闭的搅拌刀上，花了很久才出去。每当我尝试移动的时候，纽扣都好像在挤压我。是我这辈子最吓人的一刻。我甚至不让我家的孩子做“在沙滩上把我买起来”的事情，这种记忆太可怕了。
Falling down. A single mild fall can easily kill you if you happen to land just right. Usually on the back of your head
摔倒。普通、温和的摔一跤都可能轻易地要了你的命，只要你落在地上的姿势碰巧对了的话。通常是摔到后脑勺。
Don’t walk down stairs with your hands in your pockets
不要双手插袋走下楼梯。
Liquid oxygen. It allows fire to reach such insane heat that it will burn through steel. Not melt. Burn.
液氧。液氧可以让火焰的温度高到让钢铁燃烧起来。不是融化，是燃烧。
It doesn't need to be liquid, just oxygen gas at like 20 psi will do it. That's how oxyacetylene torches cut steel, by heating it and then shooting a stream of oxygen through it that burns the steel
甚至都不需要液态，20个标准大气压的氧气就能做到。这就是氧炔焰切割钢铁的原理，先加热然后射出一道烧穿钢铁的氧气。
Birthdays, you are 8% more likely to die on your birthday than on any other day of the year.
生日，你在生日那天死掉的概率比一年中的其他日子要高8%。
That’s interesting do you know why?
这还挺有意思的，你知道为什么吗？
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Probably a combination of factors... parties, substances, extra travel increase risk... also probably includes suicides, holidays often bring out the worst when your mental health isn’t good...
或许是大量因素的组合吧……派对，滥用药物，更多的旅行也意味着风险……或许还包括自杀，当你的心理健康不太好的时候，假期往往会让你感到最糟糕的心情。
Constipation.
便秘。
作为一名护士，我见过太多人死掉或者差点死于肠道阻塞了。假如你一个星期都没拉屎，我要是你的话我会非常在意。
编辑：如何不被你自己的屎憋死：
水+膳食纤维。喝太少的水，你会死。吃太少的纤维，你也会死。关键在于平衡。
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Leftover rice. A really easy way to get food poisoning.
剩米饭。非常容易的食物中毒方式。
really? can you explain?
真的吗？你可以解释一下吗？
Yeah, I think that there's a type of bacteria in it that the cooking process doesn't always kill. I think if you store rice safely it's fine to have the next day, but the issue is when it's left at room temperature for a while, and then put it away. But because it's rice, not meat or anything, people can be a bit complacent about it, and leave it out for hours after getting takeaways.
可以，我记得是米饭里有一种病菌是烹饪过程没办法完全杀死的。我想如果你适当地把米饭储存好，那么第二天再吃也没问题，但是假如你把它在室温下先放了一阵子，然后再存起来，那就会出问题。但因为是米饭，不是肉什么的，所以人们可能会觉得没什么大问题，于是在拿到外卖之后放在室温下搁置几小时。
Bacillus cereus, serious business. You don’t want your rice sitting out for more than an hour or so, get it into the fridge if you’re not going to eat it. If refrigerated early, it should be good for another couple of days.
蜡样芽胞杆菌，挺严重的。你绝对不愿意让你的米饭在外面放一个小时，假如你不马上吃的话就立刻放进冰箱。假如冷藏得足够早，那么应该还能吃几天。
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Not sure if it's been said, but untreated sleep apnea. You literally stop breathing, and get little quality sleep. The stress on your cardiovascular system is immense. Get tested. Period. Then wear the CPAP no matter how unsexy it is. Or maybe surgery to eliminate or reduce the problem.
我不太确定有没有人说，不过没有被治疗的睡眠呼吸暂停也算。你会在睡眠时停止呼吸，并且你得到的睡眠质量会非常糟糕。对于你的心血管系统造成的压力是巨大的。赶紧测试一下，句号。然后戴上持续气道正压通气系统，不论那玩意儿有多难堪。或者做个手术来解除或者缓解这个问题。
Water:
水：
- 喝不够多你就死
- 喝的太多你也会死
- 吸进一丁点你就会死
- 喝错了水你也会死（海水或者绝大多数没有处理过的水）
- 水流动得太快你也会死（河流和洋流）
- 水压高到一定程度可以像电锯和激光一样切割，射到人身上他们也会死
- 空气中的水可以加速那些非常有毒的微生物的繁殖
Heat.
热。
真的。
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甚至用不着“那么”热。几十年前我在新兵训练营的时候，我们要做一个十英里的拉练。我在拉练之前几星期做了个手术，对于拉练本身倒没有问题，但是温和-中等程度的疼痛让我比平常流的汗更多。不论什么原因（军方），他们那天忘了在路上设置灌水的站点了。
跑完一英里，我的水就全喝完了。
跑完两英里，我就被自己的汗泡透了。
跑完六英里，我已经不再出汗了，但是我仍然觉得越来越热。
跑完九英里，我头朝下径直倒在了沙土里，完全失去了意识，并且处于严重脱水的状态。
被飞快送到了急诊室，跟我说我距离永远醒不过来只差几分钟。
现在我的身体彻底完蛋了，我是个老人，但我的内脏（肾什么的）都完蛋了。我经常盘头痛。显然这都是仅仅一次的严重中暑之后我留下的后遗症。
保持凉爽，多喝水。
So fucking many things.
太他妈多了。
我在手术室工作，你会惊讶于有多少人被可笑的东西搞成重伤甚至死亡。举几个例子：
一个孩子跟他的兄弟跑着玩，摔倒了电视柜上，气管捅了个洞。
难以计数的人从梯子上摔下来。很多都是那种有台阶的梯子……就……一到两级。这玩意儿会出其不意地给你来一下。
车库门的弹簧。我见过插进颅骨的，插进胸腔的，还有一个擦肩而过把肩袖的每个部位都严重损伤，并且把肱骨的头打掉了的。需要更换，因为肱骨头没有血液流过去了。
狗。真的，任何狗。
尽管你那个喜欢打枪的叔叔对.22口径的子弹有什么微词，我都见过那玩意儿打穿颅骨、打碎肋骨。
假如碰巧的话，弹丸枪也可以射穿颅骨。
就像是站在点唱机前头，你听过好几千首歌，但你想不起来具体的哪一首，我实在是太累了想不出更多的东西了，但实在还有太多了。
Trains.
火车。
就算你离车道远远的，火车仍然能杀了你。
火车可以开得足够快，产生吸力，把你吸到车底下去。很多年前渥太华市附近的铁轨有个在铁轨边走的人就遇到了这种事。
永远不要尝试爬上一列火车，不管是静止不动的还是正在移动的。静止不动的列车随时都可能开起来。而正在移动的车可能会把你的一条胳膊腿带走。
列车是有可能脱轨的。假如你当时在轨道附近，好吧……你可能就没命了。
任何一个没绑好的东西都会像一条柴油驱动的鞭子一样有力。一条被飞驰的货运列车拖拽的钢片可以把你切成肉沫。
从列车上掉下来的集装箱。假如有集装箱落到你的身上，他们就得拿刮刀把你刮下来了。
还有……对那些喜欢在铁轨上走的人来说……任何时刻都可能有列车，并且考虑到风向的不同和你的注意力的时长，你可能直到列车开到你的身上才能意识到它在那里。铁轨是给列车用的。好好走人行道。
In college I suggested walking across a train bridge. We’d done it before but a new buddy told me his dad worked for a rail company. The first job his dad had with the company included “clean up.” Periodically on the job he would find pieces of people who were too close to a passing train. One time he picked up a boot, and found the foot still inside.
上大学的时候我曾经建议过走铁路桥。我们之前这么干过。但有个新来的跟我说他的父亲在铁路公司工作。他父亲在那个公司做过的第一件事就包括“清理”。在上班的时候他会经常发现一些走得离开过去的列车太近的人的碎块。有一次他捡起了一个靴子，发现靴子里头还有一只脚。
之后我就对列车有了更加健康的态度。