网友讨论:为什么挪威不加入欧盟?
Why has Norway not joined the EU?译文简介
网友:这其中当然有各种原因。最重要的几个原因是:我们真的非常害怕对国家经济至关重要的一些自然资源失去主权控制:石油,渔业资源和水电资源.....
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网友讨论:为什么挪威不加入欧盟?
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There are, of course, several reasons for this. Some of the most important are:
We’re genuinely afraid of losing sovereign control over some natural resources with crucial value to our national economy: oil, fish and hydroelectric power.
Because of the importance of natural resources to Norway’s economy, it is often in Norway’s interest to have monetary policies that are opposed to those of EU’s core countries, which have economies that rely on industrial production to a greater extent. The EU’s handling of the financial crisis, with imposed austerity on peripheral economies, has given this argument increased weight.
这其中当然有各种原因。最重要的几个原因是:我们真的非常害怕对国家经济至关重要的一些自然资源失去主权控制:石油,渔业资源和水电资源。
由于自然资源对挪威的重要性,制定与欧盟核心国家相反的货币政策往往符合挪威的利益,而欧盟核心国家的经济主要依赖于工业生产。欧盟在处理金融危机时的方法和对外围经济体采取的紧缩政策使得挪威更加不愿加入欧盟
原创翻译:龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
最近,随着大量欧盟的移民工人的涌入,挪威好几个经济领域本就被压缩的工资结构都受到了挑战,尤其是在建筑业。这也导致这些领域的工会成员数量锐减,由于工会在传统的挪威模式中起着至关重要的作用,因此这被认为是一个非常严重的问题。
After the financial crisis, the proportion of Norwegians having a positive opinion of EU membership has been so low that the question has been of no interest to political parties aiming to hold power.
挪威工党是中间偏左翼的最大政党,名义上是亲欧盟的,但随着人们对外围政治势力观感的改善以及劳动力自由流动带来的挑战,使得欧盟成员国的身份问题成为了工党的不利因素。如果没有其他左翼政党的支持,工党就无法执政,而这些左翼政党支持工党的条件就是要求工党放弃申请欧盟成员国的身份。同样的问题存在于右翼政党之间,能对工党提供关键支持的右翼政党也都要求放弃申请欧盟成员国身份,虽然挪威最大的右翼政党是亲欧盟的
金融危机之后,挪威人对欧盟成员国地位持正面看法的比例一直很低,以至于那些想要掌权的政党对这个问题都不感兴趣。
I have been a member of a pro EU organization for years.
Most people I have talked to about joining the EU, have had many misconceptions. When there was going to be a referendum, people just made up the strangest reasons to be against joining.
So for years people have been saying that Norway would be exploited by the other EU states, and that all the resources would just be sized by the EU. And other baseless arguments. There are very few informed opinions.
Then you have the people who wants to wait with joining EU until after the economic downturn, and the refugee crises. The EU movement in Norway has had a serious drop in members and activities. There is little point in trying to join at this point, because support for EU is at an extreme low.
多年来我对欧盟都是持支持的态度
我交谈过的大部分人对加入欧盟这个问题都有很多的误解。当要进行公投时,人们会编造一些最奇怪的理由拒绝加入。所以多年来人们一直在说挪威会被其他欧盟国家利用,所有的资源都将由欧盟来分配。还有一些论点毫无根据,有用的见解非常的少。
Amongst politicians, the majority are in favor. Especially in the Labor Party and in the Conservative Party. It would have been possible to have Norway join through a Parliament decision, but because of the referendums the Parliament cannot.
还有一些人想等到经济衰退和难民危机结束之后再加入欧盟。挪威加入欧盟运动的人数和活动都在下降。目前,试图加入欧盟没有什么意义,因为欧盟的支持率极低
大多数政客是赞成加入欧盟的。特别是在工党和保守党。本来挪威可以通过议会决议的方式加入欧盟,但由于公投,这条路也走不通了
公投从一开始就是一个错误,就像脱欧一样,人们不知道他们在投什么。亲欧盟运动不希望再次举行公投,因为据推测,公投将决定最终结果,这样挪威就永远无法加入欧盟。
挪威保守党中许多人担心欧盟议会中社会主义政党的人数,左翼政党担心欧盟议会中右翼政党的人数,而挪威的左翼和右翼都担心加入欧盟后会被迫引入有违本党利益的法律法规。政治圈里有个笑话说挪威是唯一真正的欧盟成员国,因为挪威是唯一一个必须遵守欧盟所有法律法规的国家,而且挪威向欧盟交的钱比真正的成员国还要多,但却没有投票权
In 1994, I was one of the Norwegians who voted against joining. I don’t regret it and would do it again. My reasoning was, then and now, that imposing another layer of bureaucracy on top of the ones Norway already has would create more problems than it would solve.
One reason people trust government in Norway is it’s small enough that you can literally run into your elected representatives in the street. It’s relatively transparent. Set a clay-footed giant like the EU parliament atop that, and you lose the transparency and smallness.
1994年,挪威公投决定是否加入欧盟,我就是投的反对票。但我不后悔,如果再来一次,我还是一样会这么做,我的理由是不管是当时还是现在,在原有的挪威官僚机构之上在加一个官僚机构,会造成更多的问题。
人们信任挪威政府的原因是挪威很小,走在大街上你就能遇到自己选出来的代表。而且挪威政府透明。如果在挪威议会之上在加一个欧盟议会那样的泥足巨人,那么挪威政府的透明度和小政府的模式就会荡然无存。
我在美国看到的情况是这样的:美国有很多的政府部门,人们感受不到自己对政府的影响力。每件事都要经过市,县,州,联邦政府的层面,每上升一个层面,你的影响力,你的了解程度,你对政府的信任感就会下降一层。
Money.
Norway with a small population has been blessed by an accident of nature to have abundant energy resources.
If Norway joined the EU, the redistribution funding mechanism would mean that Norway’s resources would be shared with EU countries.
Norwegians have determined that they wish to keep their cake since they would not benefit substantially from EU membership.
这和金钱有关。
挪威人口很少,但却有很多的自然资源
如果挪威加入欧盟,在再分配资助机制之下,挪威的资源就要和欧盟国家一起分享
挪威人决定保留自己的这块蛋糕,因为他们不会从欧盟成员国身份中获得太多的好处。
Since energy-related or -dependent industries represent 70%+ of Norway’s economy, the EU regulations on goods and services don’t have much relative importance to Norway.
由于挪威是欧洲经济区(前身是欧洲自由贸易联盟)成员,所以只有欧盟成员国的极少数几项特权是挪威无法享有的,比如,挪威人可以自由进出欧盟国家。
挪威经济的70%以上与能源相关或依赖能源,欧盟关于商品和服务的法规对挪威来说并没有太大的相对重要性。