话题：日本人是中国人的后裔吗?
Are the Japanese descended from Chinese?
译文简介
从历史文献和DNA角度，描述日本和中国的关系
正文翻译
Are the Japanese descended from Chinese?
日本人是中国人的后裔吗?
日本人是中国人的后裔吗?
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During the Yayoi period (弥生時代, Yayoi jidai, roughly 300 BC – 300 AD), archaeological evidence suggests that there was an influx of farmers (Yayoi people) from the Asian continent to Japan. They overwhelmed and displaced the native hunter-gatherer Jomon population of Japan. Modern Japanese are mostly descendants of the Yayoi people with only very small influence from the former Jomon hunter-gatherers
考古证据表明，在弥生时代(约公元前300年-公元300年)，有一个从亚洲大陆到日本的农民涌入潮(弥生人)。他们压垮并取代了日本本土的狩猎采集绳纹人。现代日本人大多是弥生人的后代，他们受到前绳纹狩猎采集者的影响很小。
这一时期以东京附近地区命名，考古学家在那里首次发现了那个时代的文物和特征。弥生时代的显著特征，包括新的弥生时代陶器风格的出现，和在稻田中开始密集的水稻农业。一种起源于中国的等级社会阶层结构，始于这一时期。弥生文化繁荣于九州南部至本州北部的地理区域。
在弥生时代，来自中国和朝鲜的文化特征在几个世纪的不同时期到达日本。中国的影响在青铜和铜武器，以及灌溉水稻栽培方面是明显的。弥生文化的三个主要象征是青铜镜、青铜剑和皇家印章石。
DNA evidence lixs Yayoi to Yangtze Delta
DNA证据将弥生与长江三角洲联系起来
1996年至1999年间，日本国家自然科学博物馆的研究人员山口智(Satoshi Yamaguchi)领导的一个团队，把在日本山口县和福冈县发现的绳生时代(Yayoi)的遗骸与中国沿海省份江苏省发现的遗骸进行了比较。研究小组发现弥生和江苏的遗骸有许多相似之处。DNA测试进一步将弥生时代与中国长江地区联系在一起。
DNA测试表明，日本首批种植水稻的农民可能是2000多年前从中国长江下游流域迁移过来的。在日本西南部发现的弥生时代的人类遗骸与在中国核心江苏省发现的汉代早期遗骸之间存在基因相似性。人们认为，把灌溉技术引进日本列岛的人，要么是从对马海峡对面的朝鲜半岛，要么是从黄海对面的中国北部来到日本的。
传说中国的第一个皇帝(秦始皇)派徐福(日本传说中的五福)和成千上万的少年男女一起去寻找长生不老药。秦始皇想成为神仙，长生不老。徐福的团队据说今天在日本三重县的熊野地区着陆。徐福后来决定留在新谷，不回秦国。徐带来的农业技术和知识据说提高了古代日本人的生活质量。
15世纪时，纪州的领主德川有林信(Tokugawa Yorinobu)在新谷县立了一座墓碑纪念徐福。1994年，新谷市围绕徐福的墓碑修建了一个纪念公园，命名为五福纪念公园。无论如何，徐福开中国的时间与日本弥生(Yayoi)文明的出现时间大致吻合。
Chinese records of ancient Japan
中国古代日本的记录
The earliest written records about people in Japan are from Chinese sources around the Yayoi period. Wo, the pronunciation of an early Chinese name for Japan, was mentioned in 57 AD; the Na state of Wo received a golden seal from the Emperor Guangwu of the Later Han dynasty. This event was recorded in the Book of the Later Han compiled by Fan Ye in the 5th century. The seal itself was later discovered in northern Kyushu in the 18th century. Wo was also mentioned in 257AD in Wei Zhi (魏志), a section of the Records of the Three Kingdoms compiled by the 3rd-century scholar Chen Shou.
关于日本人最早的书面记录来自弥生时代前后的中国史料。“倭”是早期中国人对日本名字的发音，在公元57年被提及;倭国受到了后汉光武帝的金印。这一事件在5世纪范晔编纂的《后汉书》中有记载。这枚印章于18世纪在九州北部被发现。倭在公元257年的魏志中有被提到, 魏志是由三世纪的学者陈寿所编写三国志的一部分。
Early Chinese historians described Wo as a land of hundreds of scattered tribal communities rather than the unified land with a 700-year tradition as laid out in the 8th-century work Nihon Shoki, a partly mythical, partly historical account of Japan which dates the foundation of the country at 660 BC. Archaeological evidence also suggests that frequent conflicts between settlements or statelets broke out in the period. Many excavated settlements were moated or built at the tops of hills suggesting that they were built to protect. Headless human skeletons discovered in Yoshinogari site showing violent clashes are regarded as typical examples of finds from the period.
早期的中国历史学家将倭国合描述为一个由数百个分散的部落社区组成的土地，而不是像8世纪的著作《日本书纪》(Nihon Shoki)中描述的那样，是一块有着700年传统的统一土地。《日本书纪》是一部关于日本的部分神话、部分历史的著作，将日本的建国日期定在公元前660年。考古证据也表明，在这一时期，定居点或小国之间经常发生冲突。许多挖掘出来的定居点有护城河或建在山顶，这表明它们的建造是为了防护。在吉志府遗址发现的显示暴力冲突的无头人骨被认为是那个时期发现的典型例子。
三世纪的中国资料也报道说，日本人以生鱼、蔬菜和米饭为食，盛在竹制和木制的盘子里，拍手敬拜(这在今天的神道教神社中仍然存在)，并建造土冢。他们还保持着诸侯体系，有收税，有省级粮仓和市场，并举行哀悼活动。这个社会以暴力斗争为特征。
In Wei Zhi, it first mentioned Yamataikoku (邪馬台国) and sharmaness Queen Himiko (卑弥呼), and chronicled a tributary relationship between Himiko and the Cao Wei Kingdom (220–265AD) during the Three Kingdom period. It recorded that the Yayoi people chose her as ruler following decades of civil war. Early Japanese histories do not mention Himiko, but historians associate her with legendary figures such as Empress Consort Jingu, who was regent (200–269AD) in roughly the same era as Himiko. Scholarly debates over the identity of Himiko and the location of her domain, Yamatai, have raged since the late Edo period, with opinions divided between northern Kyushu or traditional Yamato province in present-day Kinki.
在魏志中,它首先提到Yamataikoku(邪馬台国)和sharmaness女王Himiko(卑弥呼),并记录了Himiko和曹魏王国之间的关系(公元220 - 265),三国时期。据记载，弥生人民在经历了几十年的内战后选择她作为统治者。早期日本历史没有提及Himiko，但历史学家将她与传奇人物联系在一起，比如与Himiko大致同一时代的摄政王(公元200 - 269年)神宫皇后。从江户时代晚期开始，学者们就对Himiko的身份和她的领地Yamatai(邪馬台)的位置展开了激烈的争论，在九州北部和传统的大和省(现在的近畿)之间存在分歧。
The Wei Zhi also mentioned that Chinese envoys sent by Cao Wei Kingdom to Japan recorded that the Wajin (倭人) of Japan claimed to be descendants of Taibo of Wu, prompting some scholars to suggest that the Yamato people and the Yamato Dynasty may be descendants of the Wu and possibly Taibo. Taibo of Wu was a historic figure of the Wu Kingdom located in the Yangtze area of China.
魏志也提到，曹魏王国派出的中国特使记载说Wajin(倭人)是 吴国泰伯的后裔。这促使一些学者认为, 邪馬台人和邪馬台王朝可能吴国甚至泰伯的后裔。泰伯是位于中国长江流域的吴国历史人物。
Historically, Taibo was the eldest son of King Tai of Zhou. When King of Zhou wished to make his youngest son the crown prince, Taibo and another brother left and traveled southeast to settle in present-day Jiangsu province. There, Taibo and his followers set up the State of Wu. Taibo's grand nephew, King Wu of Zhou would later overthrow the Shang Dynasty and started the Zhou Dynasty. Taibo is also customarily known as the ancestor of all Chinese with the surname Wu (吳).
历史上，泰伯是周王太的长子。当周王想让他的小儿子做太子时，太伯和他的另一个兄弟离开了周王，前往东南，在今天的江苏省定居。在那里，泰伯和他的追随者建立了吴国。泰伯的侄孙周武王后来推翻了商朝，建立了周朝。泰伯也通常被称为所有中国的祖先的姓吴(吳)。
If these ancient records are true, Himiko and Taibo may be related then.
如果这些古老的记录是真的，邪馬台和泰伯可能是相关的。
Great answer. The strange thing is, if the Yayoi people brought with them so many cultural artifacts, why didn't they also bring language and writing system?
很赞的回答。奇怪的是，如果弥生人带来了这么多的文化工艺品，为什么他们没有同时带来语言和文字系统?
By that time the writing system wasn’t so widely spread in common people, meanwhile writing system is evolving, the north China dialects speaks the Numbers 1,2,3~10 of very similar pronunciation even today. dialects change and evolve but their is trace to be found.
那时书写系统还没有在普通人中广泛传播，同时书写系统也在进化，中国北方方言讲的数字1、2、3~10的发音甚至在今天都非常相似。 方言在变化和发展中，但它们的踪迹是可以找到的。
Language is the problem, not writing. We know that the Japanese scxts (all three of them) are derived from Chinese characters, but the Japanese language is unrelated to Chinese. Completely different structure & basic vocabulary.
语言才是问题所在，而不是写作。我们知道日文(全部三种)源自汉字，但日语与汉语无关。完全不同的结构和基本的词汇。
interesting yes but we can't be sure. but genetic are very close anyway and practice,etc language are the hardest to trace than obxt and Dna
很有趣，但我们不能确定。但是基因，实践等等是非常接近的.相比物体和Dna，语言是最难追踪的。
The answer to this question is, “It is complicated”.
这个问题的答案是，“这很复杂”。
看看这张图片。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
This is a map that tracks population groups by y-DNA. Notice how the Japanese population group seems to be made up mostly of blue and yellow, with a bit of pink and a thin slice of another colour? That shows that while we can’t be 100% sure that Japanese people are Chinese, or Korea, well, there is good evidence that they’re genetically related to the people of South-East Asia (China and Korea being closest).
这是一张用y-DNA追踪种群的地图。注意到日本的人口群体似乎主要由蓝色和黄色组成，还有一点粉色和一小片另一种颜色.这表明，我们不能100%确定日本人是中国人或韩国人，但有很好的证据表明，他们与东南亚人有基因关系(中国和韩国最接近)。
把这个和历史事实联系起来，在上一个冰河时代末期，韩国和日本之间有一座大陆桥，很明显，现在的日本人很可能是通过韩国接受了东南亚的DNA。
然而，还有一大块灰黄色的DNA (d型)，这种DNA在现代西藏很普遍。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Please be careful with this type of DNA maps. Japanese rightist wing loves to use it in a fraudulent way in order to persuade people as to the Japanese ethnic group is unique as a sort of the original race only in the Japanese Archipelago. It is a fraud. You have to look for at the same time Japanese women's mitochondrial analyzes type which shows that Japanese and Korean women are from the same origin. And also, concerning the famous JOMON people, which you often think of them as Indigenous people of the Japanese Archipelago, but in fact JOMON are also originally from the Chinese continent.
请小心处理这类DNA图谱。日本右翼喜欢用它来欺骗人们，让人们相信日本民族是日本群岛独有的一种原始民族。这是一个骗局。你必须同时寻找日本女性的线粒体分析类型这表明日本和韩国女性来自同一起源。还有著名的绳纹人，你们可能会认为他们是日本群岛的原住民， 但事实上绳纹人也是来自中国大陆。
I think that perhaps you need to re-read my answer, this time more carefully, and when you’re not tired at 2 in the morning.
I do mention that the Jomon people come from the area currently called China (and also point out just how problematic that term is).
As for labelling scientific data as a “fraud” just because it has been misused by right-wing groups in the past, that is an extremely problematic position. I point out in my answer that this data is complex and doesn’t mean what most people think it does, and in no way do I misrepresent what it is or is not.
To suggest that I refrain from using that data simply because it has been misused by others in the past is extremely problematic. In effect you’re suggesting that any time someone misinterprets data the truthful data is “tainted” and cannot be used. I find that a ridiculous position. The data is still truthful, while the interpretation is not.
我想也许你需要再读一遍我的答案，这次更仔细，当你在凌晨2点不累的时候。
我确实提到了绳纹人来自目前被称为中国的地区(也指出了这个术语是多么有问题)。
至于仅仅因为过去被右翼团体滥用就给科学数据贴上“造假”的标签，这是一个非常有问题的立场。我在我的回答中指出，这些数据是复杂的，并不意味着大多数人认为这就是对的，我没有以任何方式歪曲它是什么或不是什么。
仅仅因为这些数据在过去被别人滥用，就建议我避免使用这些数据，这是非常有问题的。实际上，你是在暗示一旦有人曲解了数据，真实的数据就被“污染”了，不能被使用。我觉得这是个荒谬的立场。数据仍然是真实的，而解释却不是。
“Japanese rightist wing loves to use it in a fraudulent way in order to persuade people as to the Japanese ethnic group is unique as a sort of the original race only in the Japanese Archipelago.”
Are you not Japanese then? What’s wrong about asserting one’s uniqueness? What’s wrong with right-wingers? Are you anti-right? I’m not getting it.
“日本右翼喜欢用它来欺骗人们，让人们相信日本民族是日本列岛独有的一种原始民族。”
那你不是日本人吗?坚持自己的独特性有什么错?右翼分子怎么了?你是反右翼吗?我不明白。