Johnson & Johnson's COVID Vaccine Approval May Help U.S. Reach Herd Immunity by Early Fall

强生新冠疫苗获批或可有助于美国在初秋达到群体免疫
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BY JENNI FINK ON 2/27/21 AT 7:54 PM EST

JENNI FINK于美国东部时间2月27日下午7:54报道
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Johnson & Johnson its Emergency Use Authorization, creating the potential for 3 or 4 million more people to be fully inoculated against COVID-19 next week.

美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准了强生公司的紧急使用许可，这意味着下周将有300万或400万人可以充分接种新冠疫苗。

Johnson & Johnson became the third company to receive an Emergency Use Authorization for its COVID-19 vaccine on Saturday. It's the only vaccine currently available in a one-dose form, so people are fully protected after just one shot. It's also easier to transport because it doesn't have the same refrigeration needs as the other two vaccines.

周六，强生成为第三家获得新冠疫苗紧急使用授权的公司。这是目前唯一一种单剂量的疫苗，所以人们只要打一针就能得到充分的保护。它也更容易运输，因为它不像其他两种疫苗一样需要冷藏。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处


Ahead of its authorization, Johnson & Johnson said it could deliver 20 million doses by the end of March and 100 million by the end of June, as per the purchasing agreement. Three or 4 million doses could be shipped out next week, according to Jeff Zients, the White House's coronavirus response coordinator, fully vaccinating people once the shots are administered.

在授权之前，强生公司表示，根据采购协议，它将在3月底之前交付2000万剂，在6月底之前交付1亿剂。白宫冠状病毒应对协调员杰夫·齐恩茨表示，下周可能会运送300万至400万剂疫苗，一旦执行，就会对人们进行全面接种。

"If the FDA approves the use of this new vaccine, we have a plan to roll it out as quickly as Johnson & Johnson can make it," President Joe Biden said on Thursday. "We'll use every conceivable way to expand manufacturing of the vaccine."
Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, considers the Johnson & Johnson vaccine a "game-changer." Since full protection is achieved after one shot, there isn't the logistical challenge that the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have of making sure people return for their second dose.

美国总统乔·拜登周四表示:“如果食品和药物管理局批准使用这种新疫苗，我们有一个计划，只要强生公司能生产出这种疫苗，我们就会尽快推出它。” “我们将利用一切可能的方法扩大疫苗的生产。” 美国国家过敏和传染病研究所(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)主任安东尼·福奇(Anthony Fauci)博士认为，强生公司的疫苗是“游戏规则的改变者”。 由于一针疫苗就能实现全面保护，因此不存在辉瑞和摩德纳疫苗在后勤上的挑战，无需确保人们再次接种。

Along with preventing additional hospitalizations and loss of life, the authorization of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine could help put America on its return to a degree of normalcy.

除了防止更多的住院治疗和生命损失，强生疫苗的授权还可以帮助美国恢复一定程度的正常。

"Herd immunity is a population concept, so whatever limits transmission of the virus in the population is what matters," Vincent Racaniello, a professor of microbiology and immunology at Columbia University, told Newsweek. "Right now, there is little evidence that one [Pfizer or Moderna] vaccine dose can limit virus transmission in the population."

哥伦比亚大学微生物学和免疫学教授Vincent Racaniello在接受《新闻周刊》采访时表示:“群体免疫是一个群体概念，所以限制病毒在人群中的传播才是关键。” “目前，几乎没有证据表明一剂(辉瑞或摩德纳)疫苗可以限制病毒在人群中的传播。”


The FDA issued an Emergency Use Authorization for the Johnson & Johnson vaccine on Friday. Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center investigational pharmacy technician Sara Berech is reflected in the glass of a fume hood as she prepares a dose of the Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine for a clinical trial on December 15 in Aurora, Colorado.MICHAEL CIAGLO/GETTY

食品和药物管理局于周五发布了强生公司疫苗的紧急使用授权。洛基山地区退伍士兵医疗中心调查药学技术员Sara Berech在为12月15日科罗拉多州奥罗拉的临床试验准备一剂强生新冠疫苗时，映照在通风柜的玻璃上。（上图）

When creating his late summer, early fall timeline for reaching herd immunity, where 70 to 85 percent of Americans are inoculated, Fauci told Newsweek he factored in people having both doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines or the single-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine.

在夏末秋初制定达到群体免疫的时间表时，70%到85%的美国人都接种了疫苗, 福奇告诉《新闻周刊》，他考虑到了使用辉瑞或摩德纳疫苗或强生单针疫苗的人群。

About 14 percent of Americans received at least one dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, but only 6.5 percent of Americans have received both, according to the most recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data.

根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的最新数据，大约14%的美国人至少接种过一剂辉瑞或摩德纳的疫苗，但只有6.5%的美国人同时接种了两种疫苗。

Without Johnson & Johnson's single-dose shot, America's current rate of vaccinations would mean the country wouldn't reach herd immunity until the end of November or early December.

如果没有强生公司的单剂疫苗注射，美国目前的疫苗接种率意味着这个国家要到11月底或12月初才能达到群体免疫。

The FDA's analysis of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine found it to be safe and 66 percent effective against moderate to severe disease at least 28 days after vaccination. It also determined the vaccine was more effective against a variant that originated in South Africa than the company's initial data showed.

食品和药物管理局对强生公司的疫苗分析发现，它是安全的，在接种后28天内，对中度至重度疾病的有效性达到66%。它还确定，该疫苗对源自南非的一种变种的效果比该公司最初数据显示得更有效。

Vaccinations are key to curbing the pandemic, and the CDC is expected to issue guidelines for areas where vaccinated people can ease up on restrictions. However, being vaccinated doesn't negate the need to follow basic public health measures, such as social distancing and wearing a mask. Little is expected to change until vaccinations are widespread.

疫苗接种是控制疫情的关键，预计美国疾病控制与预防中心将发布指导方针，指导那些接种过疫苗的人可以放松限制。然而，接种疫苗并不能否定遵循基本公共卫生措施的必要性，如保持社交距离和戴口罩。在疫苗普及之前，预计不会有什么变化。

If that happens in summer or early fall, as Fauci predicts, he said there's a "reasonable chance" people could return to entertainment venues and theaters at full capacity before winter.

如果这种情况发生在夏天或初秋，正如福奇预测的那样，他说有“合适的机会”，人们可以在冬天之前满员返回娱乐场所和剧院。