哪一座是有史以来最完美的皇宫？
What was the most perfect royal palace of all time?
译文简介
多年来，我参观了许多不同文化和时期的君主和统治者的代表性住宅。
正文翻译
What was the most perfect royal palace of all time?
哪一座是有史以来最完美的皇宫？
哪一座是有史以来最完美的皇宫？
Through the years I have visited a large variety of representative residences built for monarchs and rulers across many different cultures and time periods. These estates were usually built, not only to offer the royal family a life of comfort and luxury, but would usually serve a whole host of functions, including physical security, mental relief from the strains of ruling, acting as a symbol of central power to both impress and scare subjects, acting as a strategic base camp for controlling an area or group, and to serve as HQ for a governing or in times of war. So, in my opinion a good palace would need a highly strategic and impressive location as well as a symbolic yet functional architecture. Taking these various things in to account, what was in your opinion the most perfect royal palace of all time?
多年来，我参观了许多不同文化和时期的君主和统治者的代表性住宅。这些庄园的建造，通常不仅是为了给皇室提供舒适奢华的生活，而且通常还具有一系列的功能，包括人身安全、从统治的压力中得到精神上的慰藉、作为中央权力的象征来打动和吓唬臣民、作为控制一个地区或集团的战略大本营，以及作为统治或战争时期的总部。所以，在我看来，一座好的皇宫需要一个极具战略意义的、令人印象深刻的位置，以及一个充满象征性而又实用的建筑。考虑到这些不同的因素，在你看来最完美的皇宫是哪一座？
多年来，我参观了许多不同文化和时期的君主和统治者的代表性住宅。这些庄园的建造，通常不仅是为了给皇室提供舒适奢华的生活，而且通常还具有一系列的功能，包括人身安全、从统治的压力中得到精神上的慰藉、作为中央权力的象征来打动和吓唬臣民、作为控制一个地区或集团的战略大本营，以及作为统治或战争时期的总部。所以，在我看来，一座好的皇宫需要一个极具战略意义的、令人印象深刻的位置，以及一个充满象征性而又实用的建筑。考虑到这些不同的因素，在你看来最完美的皇宫是哪一座？
If I think about the most famous ones I'd argue that there are always some weaknesses to be found. The Versailles for instance was very impressive and had a clear function of weakening the nobility of France. But in terms of comfort the palace was perhaps too large. It was in a rather unimpressive site (no rivers, lakes, mountains or seas) and its long distance from Paris arguably made the monarch quite invisible to the people and also left the ruler a bit ignorent about the state of the realm. And even though the Sun King considered himself too powerful to bother with walls, the palace turned out the be quite difficult to defend.
Or take the Topkapi palace in Istanbul: conveniently located downtown, within the city walls. Filled with nice gardens and terraces which also gave the monarch a pleasant and strategic view towards the Bosporus. But the palace arguably lacks an iconic presence and architecture to convey the supreme power of the sultan. The Topkapi doesn't really conjure up an image in anyone's heads.
So, did any palace ever achieve it all?
如果让我想一想最著名的那些，我想说我总是能找到一些弱点。比如凡尔赛宫就非常厉害，有明显的削弱法国贵族的功能。但从舒适度来说，这座宫殿也许太大了。它所处的地点也相当不引人注目（没有河流、湖泊、山川和海洋），而且它离巴黎的距离很远，可以说使君主很不为人所知，也使统治者对王国的状况不易了解。尽管太阳王认为自己的势力太大，不屑于建造城墙，但事实证明，这座宫殿是相当难以防守的。
或者以伊斯坦布尔的托普卡比宫为例：位于市中心，在城墙内，交通便利。充满了漂亮的花园和露台，这也给了君主对博斯普鲁斯海峡的宜人和战略视野。但这座宫殿可以说缺乏一个标志性的存在和建筑来体现苏丹的最高权力。一说起托普卡比并不能真正在任何人的脑海中唤起一个具体的形象。
那么，有哪座宫殿能做到这一点吗？
评论翻译
很赞 ( 1 )
收藏
The Alhambra is still amazing. Beauty, power, architecture, dazzling gardens and views. A functional royal court and fortress on a hill.
阿尔罕布拉仍然令人惊叹。那种美丽，那种力量，那种建筑，耀眼的花园和景色。还有一座实用的皇家宫廷和山上的堡垒。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
mohicancombover
Alhambra gets my vote too!
我也投它一票！
Islamic architecture is truly the best. Some of the most complex and geometrically satisfying art I've ever seen. Looks gorgeous and beautiful
伊斯兰建筑确实是最好的。 一些我见过的最复杂和几何上最令人满意的艺术。看上去又漂亮又悦目。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Isn't it located in a very isolated place? That would prevent it from being "perfect".
它不是在一个非常孤立的地方吗？这将不能使它“完美”。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
No it’s not isolated at all. It’s just up the hill ( maybe a mile ) from Granada.
不，它根本不是孤立的。它就在离格拉纳达一英里的山上。
It’s in a city of over 200,000 people, with multiple rivers, and it’s not far from the ocean.
它在一个有20多万人的城市边，有多条河流穿过，离海洋也不远。
It's up on a defensible hill near Granada. The feeling of isolation comes from the dense forest surrounding it and the beautiful gardens.
在格拉纳达附近一座可防御的山上。与世隔绝的感觉来自周围茂密的森林和美丽的花园。
You are underselling Versailles. While the natural site wasn't spectacular, the man-made landscape architecture is beautiful and a jaw-dropping amount of effort. In effect, the landscape architecture helped reinforce the divine right of The Sun King- look at how he could even bend the natural world to his will.
As far as size goes, it is the center of the French monarchy, not just a palace for the King. That means you need rooms for courtiers, officials, servants as well as the numerous nobles and their entourages. You need spaces for large gathering, small gatherings, barracks, along with residential suites. The scale was meant to reinforce the power and wealth of Louis, but it wasn't purely symbolic- it was needed to function as the seat of government.
And it was sited specifically to keep it away from Paris and "the people." In that sense, it did exactly what it was supposed to do. The idea that a monarch should be in touch and among their subjects is a modern idea, and one that most historical monarchs and emperors, from ancient Egypt and Rome well into the 19th century would have found absurd.
你太低估凡尔赛宫了。虽然自然遗址并不壮观，但人造的景观建筑却很美，而且花了不少功夫，令人瞠目结舌。实际上，这些景观建筑有助于加强太阳王的神权--看看他怎么连自然界都能按照自己的意愿弯曲。
就规模而言，它是法国君主制的中心，而不仅仅是国王的宫殿。这意味着你需要为朝臣、官员、仆人以及众多贵族及其随从提供房间。你需要大型集会、小型聚会、兵营以及住宅套房的空间。这个规模是为了加强路易的权力和财富，但它并不纯粹是象征性的--它需要作为政府所在地的功能。
而且它的选址也是为了让它远离巴黎和"人民"。从这个意义上说，它完全做到了它应该做的事情。君主应该与他们的臣民保持联系的想法是一个现代的想法，而大多数历史上的君主和皇帝，从古埃及和罗马一直到19世纪都会觉得这一点很荒谬。
I puked on Versailles when I was 8 and then felt great and had a popsicle while running through the back gardens. Good times.
我八岁的时候在凡尔赛宫吐过一次，然后感觉很棒，在穿过后院的时候吃了一根雪糕。很好的时光。
I like to wonder how many little french princelings also puked in the palace? You can vomit like a king!
我想知道有多少法国小王子也在皇宫里吐过？你可以像国王一样呕吐！
Interesting, I was also violently ill the one time I holidayed in France. They must have some weird stomach bugs floating around there
有意思，我在法国度假的那一次也是暴病缠身。他们那里一定有一些奇怪的胃虫。
It didn't even have toilets. That would use a corner and get some servant to clean it up.
它甚至没有厕所。需要一个角落，然后让一些仆人来清理它。
they used chamber pots
他们用的是夜壶。
It was actually a concept in Ancient Rome, especially during the early principate, that the emperor should be attuned to the needs of the people of Rome. Bear in mind that Rome was no stranger to riots when the people were angry and that Augustus carefully styled himself first amongst equals.
We can debate as to whether the people had any actual power but at the very least, the idea of the people of Rome was a powerful thing.
事实上，在古罗马，特别是在早期的公国，皇帝应该适应罗马人民的需要。请记住，当人们愤怒时，罗马对于骚乱并不陌生，奥古斯都小心翼翼地把自己塑造成平等的第一人。
我们可以就人民是否拥有任何实际权力进行辩论，但至少，罗马人民的想法是一个强大的东西。
Some emperors certainly did believe they had a duty to provide for the people of Rome, but if you look at how the conducted themselves, very few were "among the people" and they certainly didn't mingle with the common plebs. Most emperors were more than happy to stay within the confines of the extensive Imperial Palaces in Rome, military camps, or if really pushed, to palaces like Hadrian's Villa or the Villa Jovis on Capri.
一些皇帝当然相信他们有责任为罗马人民提供服务，但如果你看看他们是如何行事的，会发现很少有在"人民中间"，他们当然不会与普通平民打成一片。大多数皇帝都很乐意呆在罗马庞大的皇宫、军营里，或者如果真的被逼急了，就去哈德良别墅或卡普里的约维斯别墅等行宫。
Agreed, these criticisms of Versailles seem flat to me. One can easily argue that by today’s standards, Versailles is not especially useful. But did Louis XIV really have these issues? When did he ever have a difficult time defending his palace?
Certainly Paris fell in the Franco-Prussian war, but that was 200 years later, and after the 19th century industrial revolution advanced military technology far beyond what it had been. Are we really only measuring palaces by how well they predicted the military technology of the 19th and 20th centuries?
And the palace was large by design - he wanted to undermine provincial nobles and force everyone to come to Versailles to do business. Louis XIV loved large gatherings and he wanted to be on display - did his palace not achieve this?
And it was far from Paris by design - no Parlement of Paris bringing the Fronde to your door. His moving the palace in a lot of ways helped stopped such civil was in France - does that not count as a major achievement?
It’s definitely fair to say that removing the palace from Paris posed challenges over the years, especially when you have Louis XVI who largely didn’t travel and refused to use his army to defend himself. But this seems like an unfair meterstick to use as a measurement for any palace.
Does a palace have to be perfect for all generations of rulers, regardless of their goals and personalities or national policies, for 300 years? By that definition, we would have to judge the Russian palaces of Peter I by gauging how much they met the needs of Nicholas II in 1913.
同意，对凡尔赛宫的这些批评在我看来是没什么道理的。我们可以轻易地认为，按照今天的标准，凡尔赛宫并没有什么特别的作用。但当时的路易十四真的有这些问题吗？他什么时候在保卫自己的宫殿时遇到过困难？
当然巴黎在普法战争中沦陷了，但那是200年后的事，而且在19世纪工业革命后，军事技术的发展远远超过了以前。我们真的要以19世纪和20世纪的军事技术能力来衡量以往的宫殿吗？
而且宫殿的大是设计出来的--他要削弱省会贵族，强迫大家来凡尔赛做生意。路易十四喜欢大型聚会，他希望展示自己--他的宫殿没有达到这个目的吗？
而且它与巴黎相距很远也是故意设计的--这样就不会有巴黎的议会把投石党送上门来了。他的移动宫殿在很多方面帮助阻止了法国的这种暴动--这难道不算是一个重大成就吗？
可以肯定地说，将宫殿从巴黎移走是一项很大的挑战，特别拿那个基本上不旅行并拒绝使用他的军队来保护自己的路易十六来比较一下。所以用这个尺度作为一个标准来衡量一座宫殿是不公平的。
难道一座宫殿一定要在300年内对历代统治者都完美无缺，不管他们的目标和个性或国家政策如何？按照这个定义，我们要评判彼得一世的俄罗斯宫殿，看看它们能在多大程度上满足尼古拉二世在1913年的需求。
When did he ever have a difficult time defending his palace?
Did Louis XIV even have any serious domestic wars that threatened Versailles at all?
路易十四是否有让任何一次严重的国内战争威胁到了凡尔赛？
That is a good question...I know he made war on the Dutch and Spanish but those may have finished by the time he had built the palace.
这是个好问题......我知道他对荷兰人和西班牙人发动了战争，但这些战争可能在他建造宫殿时就已经结束了。
The Habsburgs had a beautiful winter palace in Innsbruck that was renovated several years ago.
Got it to see it on holiday (it was either free or super cheap) and it blew mine and my brother's mind - this was just A winter palace, not their main residence.
Was really great to see how Austrians respected their history and heritage while providing relatively cheap and educational tourism.
The opulence of the Habsburgs is really understated in general history (I studied in the UK) so seeing this palace and later the silver mines that provided their wealth really opened my eyes to kind of inequalities that were part of life in that era of history
哈布斯堡家族在因斯布鲁克有一座漂亮的冬宫，几年前修缮过。
放假的时候我去看了一下（门票不是免费就是超级便宜），让我和我弟弟大吃一惊--这竟然只是一座冬宫，而不是他们的主宅。
真的很高兴看到奥地利人这么尊重他们的历史和遗产，同时提供相对便宜和教育性的旅游。
哈布斯堡家族的奢华在普遍的历史记载中真的被低估了（我在英国学习），所以看到这座宫殿和后来的提供了他们财富的银矿，真的让我看到了那种生活在那个历史时代人民不平等的一部分。
AgoraiosBum
The Hapsburgs loved the Baroque style, and that style was near the height of their powers and wealth, too.
The Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna is quite good as well.
哈布斯堡家族很喜欢巴洛克风格，这种风格的出现也是他们权力和财富接近巅峰的时候。
维也纳的美泉宫也相当不错。
AuraMaster7
I love Schönbrunn and the the gardens that surround it, and that was just their summer Palace. The Hapsburgs had some really nice palaces.
我喜欢美泉宫和环绕它的花园，那只是他们的夏宫。 哈布斯堡真的有一些非常漂亮的宫殿。
The Forbidden City and adjacent Zhongnanhai maybe?
The Forbidden City is huge. Double the square footage of Versailles.
It is architecturally significant.
It's in the middle of Beijing so the people see it all the time.
Adjacent is the Zhongnanhai garden and temple complex which was beautiful. It's almost twice as large as Central Park.
或许是紫禁城和邻近的中南海？
紫禁城很大。是凡尔赛的两倍。
它的建筑意义重大。
它在北京的中心，所以人们总是能看到它。
毗邻的是中南海园林和寺庙群，很美。它的面积几乎是中央公园的两倍。
dlashsteier
I concur. Having visited the Forbidden City, it’s pretty spectacular. It’s centrally located and an architectural marvel. It must have been pretty impenetrable. Also any seasonal palace in China was mind blowing and beautiful, and there are plenty.
我同意。我去过故宫，真是太壮观了。它位于市中心，也是一个建筑奇迹。它一定是非常坚不可摧的。另外中国任何一个季节性的宫殿都是让人震撼的，很漂亮，而且有很多。
It's not just centrally located, but it's actually symmetrical on the central line of Beijing. That's a big deal in traditional Chinese culture.
Anyhow, the Forbidden City today was rebuilt in the 16th Century when the Manchurian entered the city. The Forbidden City palace of Ming dynasty was burned down by the rebel who entered the City before the Manchurians. All the previous palaces in different cities in China were all burned down in the same manner. It's a shame because supposedly the Qin dynasty palace built around 300BC was spectacular. You can see what the Tang dynasty palace was like in Kyoto still, but nothing left in China after 1400 years of burning and killing.
它不仅位于中心位置，而且实际上是位于在北京对称的中轴线上。这在中国传统文化中是件很重要的事。
不管怎么说，今天的紫禁城是16世纪满清入关时重建的。明朝的紫禁城宫殿在满洲人之前被进城的叛军烧毁了。之前中国不同城市的宫殿都是以同样的方式被烧毁的。很可惜，因为据说公元前300年左右建造的秦朝宫殿很壮观。现在在京都还能看到唐朝宫殿的样子，但是在中国，经过1400年的烧杀抢掠，什么都没有留下。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Bloody bastards from Manchester. Always fucking stuff up when they go abroad.
那群曼彻斯特的混蛋。他们每次出国都要惹是生非。
Why would there be a Tang palace in Kyoto?
为什么在京都会看到唐朝的宫殿？
It's not a Tang palace per se, but Kyoto can be basically considered a replicate of Chang'an. Chang'an since then have been destroyed, while castles in Japan were preserved better.
虽然它不是唐朝宫殿本身，但京都基本上可以算是长安的翻版。长安自从被毁建筑也被毁，而唐朝样式的宫殿在日本的城堡却保存的比较好。
Imo best seasonal palace is the Summer resort of Chengde. About five times the size of the Forbidden City, representing the architecture and terrain of all of China, and surrounded by huge and impressive temples. It also acted as the second capital of the Qing during its earlier period. Massively underrated for international tourists.
在我看来最好的季节性行宫是承德的避暑山庄。面积约为故宫的五倍，代表了全中国的建筑和地势，周围有巨大的、令人印象深刻的寺庙。早期还作为清朝的第二首都。这里被国际游客大大低估了。
Intranetusa
And then you realize the Forbidden City is one of the smaller palaces in Chinese history.
The Old Summer Palace was much bigger (8x the size of the Forbidden City), more grand, and filled with more diverse architecture. The [regular] Summer Palace was also bigger. The Daming palace from the Tang Dynasty was 4-5x the size of the Forbidden City. The Epang Palace of the Qin Dynasty and Weiyang Palace of the Han Dynasty were all supposed to be larger than the Forbidden City.
然后你会发现故宫是中国历史上规模较小的宫殿之一。
圆明园要大得多（是故宫的8倍），更宏伟，充满了更多样化的建筑。[普通]颐和园也比紫禁城更大。唐代的大明宫是故宫的4-5倍。秦朝的阿房宫、汉朝的未央宫应该都比紫禁城大。
Forbidden Palace definitely could be a strong candidate, but if you look at Chinese history, the most magnificent palace has to be one of Epang Palace(Qin Dynasty), Weiyang Palace(Han Dynasty) or Daming Palace(Tan Dynasty). There were many research on the size of these palace and many believed they were 5-20 times larger(in terms of area) than Forbidden Palace, but we would never now how marvelous they were. Consider that Chinese Palace are mostly wooden structures and the frequent war when dynasty changes, they were all destroyed.
紫禁城绝对可以成为一个有利的候选，但如果你看看中国的历史，最宏伟的宫殿必须是阿房宫（秦朝）、未央宫(汉朝)或大明宫(唐朝)之一。有许多关于这些宫殿大小的研究，许多人认为它们比紫禁城大5-20倍（面积），但我们现在永远不会知道它们有多神奇了。因为中国的宫殿大多是木制结构，王朝更迭时战争频繁，它们都被摧毁了。
The fact that it's called a City and not just a Palace is a testament in itself. Also I would love to see what the Old Summer Palace was like... but, ya know
事实上，它被称为一个城市，而不仅仅是一个宫殿，这本身就是一种证明。 我也想看看圆明园是什么样子.....但是，你懂的
I was hoping someone would chime in with a non-Western example. The Forbidden City doesn’t strike one as a palace in the European sense, but is so grand nonetheless
我就等着有人能举出一个非西方的例子来了。紫禁城并不是欧洲意义上的宫殿，但其宏伟不必多言
The Forbidden City doesn’t strike one as a palace in the European sense
It's not, but that is a reflection of a cultural difference in architecture.
I'm sure this is a huge over simplification, but European buildings for the rich tend to be a large compact building with open grounds surrounding. Chinese buildings for the rich tend to have a courtyard or gardens in the middle with the rooms around the periphery.
“紫禁城并不是欧洲意义上的宫殿”
确实不是，但这是建筑文化差异的反映。
下面说的可能过于简化，但欧洲的富人建筑往往是一个大的紧凑的建筑，周围有开阔的场地。中国的富人建筑往往是中间有庭院或花园，房间散布在周围。
I really love the summer palace as well. Further outside the city but the grounds, the landscaping, the arrangement of all the buildings... lovely. Acting as a center of government maybe not so much, but as a palace - absolutely stunning.
我也很喜欢颐和园。在城市的更远处，但场地、景观、所有建筑的布置......都很可爱。作为政府的中心也许不是那么回事，但作为一座宫殿--绝对是令人惊叹的。
I do not know if this counts, I would vote for the whole Vatican City. The place is a royal palace of the Roman Catholic Church. The place is 109 acres and it's own country.
When you look at the art, the wealth, the buildings, the whole thing, the place is legendary.
我不知道这算不算，我会投给整个梵蒂冈城。这个地方是罗马天主教会的皇宫。这个地方占地109英亩，也是自己的国家。
当你看这里的艺术，财富，建筑，整个地方都是传奇。
purple-bee
Plus it has a handy escape passage to the more imposing Castel San Angelo
此外，它有一个方便的逃生通道，通往更壮观的圣天使城堡
Unfortunately, that escape route costs 189 Swiss Guard to use :(
不幸的是，189名瑞士卫队的生命牺牲在了这条逃生路线上 :(
Wasn't the Vatican a compromise to stop the full eradication of the temporal papal power?
梵蒂冈不是停止完全消灭教宗权力的一种妥协吗？
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
The Vatican (the city and the palace in the city) was built/maintained during the Papal State period. It survived numerous sieges and sacks by various French and German kings.
The city state of the Vatican was a compromise solution to Garbaldi's quest to unite Italy in the 1800's
梵蒂冈（城市和城市中的宫殿）是在教宗国时期建造/维护的。它经受住了法国和德国国王的无数次围困和围攻。
梵蒂冈城国是加里波第在19世纪寻求意大利统一的妥协解决方案
I’m pretty sure the city-state status wasn’t there until Mussolini. Prior to that, but after Garibaldi it was pretty much just part of Italy. I don’t think the Popes liked that much.
我很确定墨索里尼之前，梵蒂冈城邦的地位是不存在的。在那之前，但在加里波第之后，它几乎就是意大利的一部分。我想宗们不太喜欢这样。
Technically, we're both right. The Popes didn't surrender, while Italy didn't try to take Vatican itself, just the surrounding city of Rome - effectively turning the Vatican into a prison for the Pope. The situation was only resolved by Mussolini in 1929.
从技术上讲，我们都是对的，教宗没有投降，而意大利也没有试图占领梵蒂冈本身，只是占领了罗马的周边城市--实际上梵蒂冈变成了教宗的监狱。直到1929年墨索里尼才解决了这个局面。
It was an interesting solution, they conquered Rome and then just kind of ignored the Vatican and didn't even try to assert any authority over it.
这是一个有趣的解决方案，他们征服了罗马，然后就忽略了梵蒂冈，甚至没有试图对它施加任何权威。
Today I Learned
Putin's newest $1.2B palace is beautiful. Honestly though, I've always been impressed with the old palaces of the Tsars.
今天我知道了
普京最新的12亿美金的宫殿很美。不过说实话，我一直对沙皇的旧宫殿印象深刻。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
It has an airstrip, helipad, open sea dock and probably an entire electronic and conventional warfare facility hidden in the cliffs. I'd say it is about the best defensive location possible!
它有一个简易机场，直升机停机坪，露天码头，可能还有整套电子和常规战争设施隐藏在悬崖上。我想说这是最好的防御位置了!
Is say Prague castle, it’s on a river and is very memorable.
比如说布拉格城堡，它在一条河上，非常令人难忘。
CactusBoyScout
If we're just going on memorability, I'd give it to Edinburgh Castle.
It's exactly like all the cartoonishly imposing castles that Americans show in kids' cartoons. It looms over the entire city. I'd seen a ton of European castles by the time I finally went to Edinburgh and I was still like "Wow that's literally towering over everything."
It's not even that big or impressive on the inside but the location is jaw-dropping.
如果只论值得记忆，我会提名爱丁堡城堡。
它就像美国人在孩子们的动画片中展示的所有卡通式的宏伟城堡一样。它耸立在整个城市的上空。当我终于去到爱丁堡的时候，我已经看过一大堆欧洲的城堡了，但我还是情不自禁地想 "哇，那简直是耸立在一切之上"。
它甚至没有多大，或有多令人印象深刻的内部装潢，但它的位置是令人瞠目结舌。
mushbino
Without a doubt, the City of Angkor, capitol of the Khmer Empire and specifically Angkor Wat. the architecture and complexity is truly unrivaled in my opinion.
毫无疑问，吴哥城，高棉帝国的首都，特别是吴哥窟。 在我看来，其建筑和复杂性是无与伦比的。
benevolentmalefactor
I recall visiting Paris and Vienna in quick succession. I was underwhelmed by Versailles (too large, too gaudy, and, as you mentioned, in a strange location). However, I thought Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna was truly spectacular. Beautiful architecture, reasonably sized, and I thought the interior was elegant but not gaudy. It's location was perfectly matched to its style and layout and seemed to reflect the understated power of the Hapsbergs.
Also one that should definitely be on any list is Neuschwanstein castle in Bavaria. It's style and scenic beauty are incredible.
And finally, Japan has several great examples - Himeji Castle is one but also Kumamoto Castle and Osaka Castle. Like Neuschwanstein, they marry a scenic and notable location with a powerful but beautiful architectural style.
我记得我曾先后访问过巴黎和维也纳。我对凡尔赛宫不甚满意(太大，太华丽，而且如你所说，位置很奇怪)。不过，我觉得维也纳的美泉宫确实很壮观。美丽的建筑，合理的规模，我认为内部装饰很优雅但不过于奢华。它的位置与其风格和布局完全匹配，似乎反映了哈布斯堡家族低调的权力。
另外，巴伐利亚的新天鹅堡也是绝对应该上榜的。它的风格和风景之优美，令人难以置信。
最后，日本有几个很好的例子--姬路城是一个，还有熊本城和大阪城。像新天鹅堡一样，它们将一个风景优美的著名地点与强大而美丽的建筑风格结合在了一起。
图