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China to Build a Gigawatt Power Station in Space
译文简介
中国在今年刚在6月宣布将在太空中建造10亿瓦特的发电站，就在10月在重庆开展研究活动...
正文翻译
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：bluebit 转载请注明出处
China to Build a Gigawatt Power Station in Space
中国将在太空中建造10亿瓦特的发电站
中国将在太空中建造10亿瓦特的发电站
Dr Jody Muelaner posted on June 28, 2019 |
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Space-based solar power technically has the potential to provide near limitless renewable energy and to direct it almost instantly to where it is needed at any given time. The space-based solar concept involves power being generated by an orbiting solar power station. This could use either photovoltaic panels or a concentrated solar plant that focuses the sun onto a boiler to drive a steam turbine. The power would then be beamed to receiving stations on earth using microwaves or laser beams. The receiving stations would be connected to local power distribution grids. A network of satellites could beam energy anywhere on Earth, directing power where it is needed.
从技术角度讲，空间太阳能具有提供近乎无限可再生能源的潜力，并可随时将能源传送至所需要的地方去。空间太阳能概念是指将太阳能电站发送至空间轨道上。通过光伏电池板将光能转换为电能并集中暂存到储能器当中，然后以微波或激光的形式将能量传送至地球接收站上。通过接收站将电能连接至当地电网中。一个空间太阳能电站可以将能量传送到地球上的任何地方，将能量输送到任何所需的地方。
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Space-based solar power technically has the potential to provide near limitless renewable energy and to direct it almost instantly to where it is needed at any given time. The space-based solar concept involves power being generated by an orbiting solar power station. This could use either photovoltaic panels or a concentrated solar plant that focuses the sun onto a boiler to drive a steam turbine. The power would then be beamed to receiving stations on earth using microwaves or laser beams. The receiving stations would be connected to local power distribution grids. A network of satellites could beam energy anywhere on Earth, directing power where it is needed.
从技术角度讲，空间太阳能具有提供近乎无限可再生能源的潜力，并可随时将能源传送至所需要的地方去。空间太阳能概念是指将太阳能电站发送至空间轨道上。通过光伏电池板将光能转换为电能并集中暂存到储能器当中，然后以微波或激光的形式将能量传送至地球接收站上。通过接收站将电能连接至当地电网中。一个空间太阳能电站可以将能量传送到地球上的任何地方，将能量输送到任何所需的地方。
The problem is that the cost of building space-based solar power stations has been estimated to be 1,000s of times more than the cost of current earth-based renewable power installations. The main reason for the high cost is that a commercial power station weights 1,000s of tons. It either has to be launched into orbit or the materials have to be mined in space, with the materials processing and all manufacturing carried out in orbit. Until recently, this has all looked ridiculously expensive compared to just building a solar array on the land. However, with companies like SpaceX rapidly bringing down launch costs and developments in lightweight photovoltaics, space-based solar is starting to look more feasible.
但问题是，建造空间太阳能发电站的成本是目前在地球上建造可再生能源电厂的1000多倍。成本高的主要原因是，一个商业发电站的重量为1000吨。它要么必须发射到轨道上，要么必须在太空中建造，比如在太空中开采材料，材料加工制造等。直到最近，与刚刚可以在陆地上建造太阳能电池板相比，这一切看起来都贵得离谱。然而，随着SpaceX等公司运载火箭发射成本的迅速降低，以及轻光伏发电的发展，空间太阳能电站的建设正变得可行。
但问题是，建造空间太阳能发电站的成本是目前在地球上建造可再生能源电厂的1000多倍。成本高的主要原因是，一个商业发电站的重量为1000吨。它要么必须发射到轨道上，要么必须在太空中建造，比如在太空中开采材料，材料加工制造等。直到最近，与刚刚可以在陆地上建造太阳能电池板相比，这一切看起来都贵得离谱。然而，随着SpaceX等公司运载火箭发射成本的迅速降低，以及轻光伏发电的发展，空间太阳能电站的建设正变得可行。
A number of governments and corporations around the world are now predicting that space-based solar will become a commercial reality within the next few decades. That makes active research and development necessary today to be part of this emerging industry. The announcement by China of a roadmap to a commercial power plant is an exciting development.
目前世界上不少国家和公司都在预测，空间太阳能发电有我在未来几十年内成为一种商业现实。这使得相关技术的研究以及开发已成为当今这个新兴产业的一部分。中国宣布的商业（空间太阳能）电厂发展计划，这是一个令人兴奋的进展。
目前世界上不少国家和公司都在预测，空间太阳能发电有我在未来几十年内成为一种商业现实。这使得相关技术的研究以及开发已成为当今这个新兴产业的一部分。中国宣布的商业（空间太阳能）电厂发展计划，这是一个令人兴奋的进展。
History of Space-based Solar Power
The concept of a satellite beaming energy back to Earth was originated by Asimov in his 1941 short story Reason. A more futuristic version of this was actually described earlier by Olaf Stapledon in his 1937 novel Star Maker, which envisaged, “every solar system... surrounded by a gauze of light traps, which focused the escaping solar energy for intelligent use.” In 1960 the physicist Freeman Dyson published a paper arguing that a technological civilization would inevitably construct such a structure around their star. Such structures, now referred to as Dyson spheres, are considered something we might look for to identify advanced civilizations in space.
空间太阳能历史
卫星向地球传送能量的概念起源于阿西莫夫1941年的短篇小说《日暮》。事实上，奥拉夫·斯特普尔顿早在1937年的小说《造星者》(Star Maker)中就描述了一个更未来的世界，在他的设想中，“每个星系中的……它（恒星）都被一层薄纱状的捕光器包围着，将四散的光能收集起来，合理运用。”1960年，物理学家弗里曼·戴森(Freeman Dyson)发表了一篇论文，认为一个科技文明最终将会在他们所在星系中的恒星周围建造成这么一种结构。这种结构，现在被叫作为戴森球体，也是我们可能要寻找的先进太空文明。
The concept of a satellite beaming energy back to Earth was originated by Asimov in his 1941 short story Reason. A more futuristic version of this was actually described earlier by Olaf Stapledon in his 1937 novel Star Maker, which envisaged, “every solar system... surrounded by a gauze of light traps, which focused the escaping solar energy for intelligent use.” In 1960 the physicist Freeman Dyson published a paper arguing that a technological civilization would inevitably construct such a structure around their star. Such structures, now referred to as Dyson spheres, are considered something we might look for to identify advanced civilizations in space.
空间太阳能历史
卫星向地球传送能量的概念起源于阿西莫夫1941年的短篇小说《日暮》。事实上，奥拉夫·斯特普尔顿早在1937年的小说《造星者》(Star Maker)中就描述了一个更未来的世界，在他的设想中，“每个星系中的……它（恒星）都被一层薄纱状的捕光器包围着，将四散的光能收集起来，合理运用。”1960年，物理学家弗里曼·戴森(Freeman Dyson)发表了一篇论文，认为一个科技文明最终将会在他们所在星系中的恒星周围建造成这么一种结构。这种结构，现在被叫作为戴森球体，也是我们可能要寻找的先进太空文明。
The first technical paper describing how we might achieve space-based solar power was published by Peter Glaser in 1968. Feasibility studies were then carried out by NASA in the 1970s, with a number of technical s setting out what could be achieved. Both photovoltaics and concentrated solar plants were considered, as well as microwave or laser power transmission. The most ambitious proposals involved capturing an asteroid near Earth into Earth’s orbit and mining it to create a massive solar power station. One such asteroid could provide many times more electrical power than all the power stations on Earth.
1968年，彼得·格拉泽发表了第一篇描述我们如何实现空间太阳能的技术论文。1970年，美国国家航空航天局对此进行了可行性研究，并发布了技术报告，
对可实现的目标进行了论述。该报告研究了光电聚能太阳能发电厂，以及微波或激光传输系统。最具雄心的设想是，将一颗接近地球的小行星俘获至地球轨道，并利用它上面的资源建造一个大型太阳能发电站。一个这样的小行星可以提供比地球上所有发电站之和大很多倍的电力。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
1968年，彼得·格拉泽发表了第一篇描述我们如何实现空间太阳能的技术论文。1970年，美国国家航空航天局对此进行了可行性研究，并发布了技术报告，
对可实现的目标进行了论述。该报告研究了光电聚能太阳能发电厂，以及微波或激光传输系统。最具雄心的设想是，将一颗接近地球的小行星俘获至地球轨道，并利用它上面的资源建造一个大型太阳能发电站。一个这样的小行星可以提供比地球上所有发电站之和大很多倍的电力。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
NASA illustration from 1977 showing asteroid mining on an Earth-approaching asteroid. (Image courtesy of NASA.)
1977年美国宇航局的示意图，描绘了在被俘获小行星上进行采矿的场景。(NASA供图)
Current Major Players
Japan passed its Basic Space Law in 2008, which makes achieving space-based solar power a national goal. Initially, small demonstration satellites will be launched and then a commercial 1-gigawatt station by 2030. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is developing a number of solar-collecting satellite designs, all intended to be placed in geosynchronous orbit at an altitude of 36,000km. A satellite with a fixed photovoltaic panel would not always be pointing at the sun. JAXA is therefore investigating a concept with multiple mirror satellites focusing sunlight from different directions onto a central photovoltaic satellite. It intends to use a pilot signal from the Earth station to allow the satellite to aim as the receiving station. In 2015, JAXA made an initial demonstration of its microwave transmission technology, sending 1.8 kilowatts over a distance of 55m.
当前主要参与者
2008年日本通过了《空间基本法》，以实现空间太阳能发电作为国家目标。起初他们将一个小型实验装置发射至太空，最后将在2030年将建成一个10亿瓦的商业电站。日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)正在开发一系列太阳能收集卫星的设计，所有这些卫星都将被放置在离地面高36000公里的地球同步轨道上。为此，JAXA正在研究一个概念，即利用多个镜面卫星将来自四面八方的光折射汇集到一个中央光电转换卫星上。通过地面控制将该卫星指向目标接收站。2015年，JAXA首次展示该微波传输技术，并在55米的距离内传送了1.8千瓦的微波能。
Japan passed its Basic Space Law in 2008, which makes achieving space-based solar power a national goal. Initially, small demonstration satellites will be launched and then a commercial 1-gigawatt station by 2030. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is developing a number of solar-collecting satellite designs, all intended to be placed in geosynchronous orbit at an altitude of 36,000km. A satellite with a fixed photovoltaic panel would not always be pointing at the sun. JAXA is therefore investigating a concept with multiple mirror satellites focusing sunlight from different directions onto a central photovoltaic satellite. It intends to use a pilot signal from the Earth station to allow the satellite to aim as the receiving station. In 2015, JAXA made an initial demonstration of its microwave transmission technology, sending 1.8 kilowatts over a distance of 55m.
当前主要参与者
2008年日本通过了《空间基本法》，以实现空间太阳能发电作为国家目标。起初他们将一个小型实验装置发射至太空，最后将在2030年将建成一个10亿瓦的商业电站。日本宇宙航空研究开发机构(JAXA)正在开发一系列太阳能收集卫星的设计，所有这些卫星都将被放置在离地面高36000公里的地球同步轨道上。为此，JAXA正在研究一个概念，即利用多个镜面卫星将来自四面八方的光折射汇集到一个中央光电转换卫星上。通过地面控制将该卫星指向目标接收站。2015年，JAXA首次展示该微波传输技术，并在55米的距离内传送了1.8千瓦的微波能。
A number of different groups are working on space-based solar in the U.S. The U.S. Naval Research Lab (NRL) is researching modular solar and transmitter units for space deployment but have no plans for a full-scale demonstration. Caltech is also developing an ultralight module able to collect solar power and wirelessly transmit it. This is currently less than 1kg/m2 and incorporates beam steering. Solaren is a California-based startup that plans to launch a 200 megawatt space based power station in the mid-2020s.
在美国，众多不同组织正在从事空间太阳能研究。美国海军研究实验室(NRL)正在研究可通过发射并可在太空中部署的太阳能单元模块，但没有全面演示的计划。加州理工学院也在开发一种超轻，能够收集太阳能并进行无线传输的模块。目前这种包括波束转向的模块，重量已降至小于每平方一公斤。Solaren是一家位于加州的初创公司，计划在2020年代中期建造一座200兆瓦的太空发电站。
在美国，众多不同组织正在从事空间太阳能研究。美国海军研究实验室(NRL)正在研究可通过发射并可在太空中部署的太阳能单元模块，但没有全面演示的计划。加州理工学院也在开发一种超轻，能够收集太阳能并进行无线传输的模块。目前这种包括波束转向的模块，重量已降至小于每平方一公斤。Solaren是一家位于加州的初创公司，计划在2020年代中期建造一座200兆瓦的太空发电站。
China’s Roadmap to Commercial Space Based Solar
中国商用空间太阳能发展蓝图
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
中国商用空间太阳能发展蓝图
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Chongqing University, the China Academy of Space Technology and Xidian University will collaborate at a new test facility being built on a 13.3 hectare site in Chongqing''s Bishan district. Projected to be completed in two years, the research center will investigate a number of issues related to space-based solar.
重庆大学、中国空间技术研究院和西安电子科技大学联合在重庆璧山地区一个占地13.3公顷的新试验基地开展研究。研究成果预计将在两年内完成，探讨解决与空间太阳能有关的一系列问题。
重庆大学、中国空间技术研究院和西安电子科技大学联合在重庆璧山地区一个占地13.3公顷的新试验基地开展研究。研究成果预计将在两年内完成，探讨解决与空间太阳能有关的一系列问题。
At the initial test facility, microwave power transmission technologies will be developed and tested. The effects of the microwave beams on plants and animals will also be tested. Four to six tethered balloons will be used to carry solar panels to an initial height of 1,000m and then beam the energy back to the ground. This would already be a significant improvement of the 100M that the researchers involved have currently beamed energy.
在研究初期，将对微波传输技术进行开发和测试。同时检测微波光束对动植物产生的影响。利用4到6个系空气球将太阳能电池板带到1000米的高空，之后将能量传回地面。这是目前研究人员已知能量无线传输100米距离的重大跨越。
在研究初期，将对微波传输技术进行开发和测试。同时检测微波光束对动植物产生的影响。利用4到6个系空气球将太阳能电池板带到1000米的高空，之后将能量传回地面。这是目前研究人员已知能量无线传输100米距离的重大跨越。
The next stage will see balloons deployed to the edge of space to fully demonstrate the feasibility of beaming power to earth from satellites. Construction of a small- to medium-sized power station using this principle to place a solar array in the stratosphere is planned to take place between 2021 and 2025.
第二阶段会将气球部署在大气层边缘，验证从卫星向地球传送能量的可行性。利用这一原理，预计在2021年至2025年之间，在平流层实现中小型太阳能电站的建设。
第二阶段会将气球部署在大气层边缘，验证从卫星向地球传送能量的可行性。利用这一原理，预计在2021年至2025年之间，在平流层实现中小型太阳能电站的建设。
The next stage of the project would be a megawatt power station orbiting at an altitude of 36,000km. Construction is scheduled to begin in 2030 with a launch before 2040. The station would be positioned to provide power 99 percent of the time.
第三阶段，将在离地面36000公里处的地球轨道上建设一个兆瓦级别的发电站。建造计划将在2030年开始，2040年之前竣工。届时该电站99%的时间都将进行发电。
第三阶段，将在离地面36000公里处的地球轨道上建设一个兆瓦级别的发电站。建造计划将在2030年开始，2040年之前竣工。届时该电站99%的时间都将进行发电。
Finally, a gigawatt commercial space based solar power station would be launched by 2050, supplying power to earth and beaming it to spacecraft for deep-space exploration.
——以下为后续新闻——
——以下为后续新闻——
China to build space-based solar power station by 2035
by Staff WritersXiamen, China (XNA) Dec 03, 2019
stock illustration only
China plans to accomplish a 200-tonne megawatt-level space-based solar power station by 2035, according to the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST).
The space-based solar power station would capture the sun''s energy that never makes it to the planet, said Wang Li, a CAST research fellow with the program, when attending the sixth China-Russia Engineering Forum held last week in Xiamen, southeast China''s Fujian Province.
The energy is converted to microwaves or lasers and then beamed wirelessly back to the Earth''s surface for human consumption, Wang said.
根据中国空间技术研究院(CAST)的数据，中国计划到2035年建成一个200吨兆瓦级的空间太阳能发电站。
上周在中国东南部福建省厦门市举行的第六届中俄工程论坛上，中国科协项目研究员王力（音译）表示，天基太阳能电站将捕获那些永远不会到达地球的太阳能。
能量被转换成微波或激光，然后通过无线电波传回地球表面供人们使用，王说。
by Staff WritersXiamen, China (XNA) Dec 03, 2019
stock illustration only
China plans to accomplish a 200-tonne megawatt-level space-based solar power station by 2035, according to the China Academy of Space Technology (CAST).
The space-based solar power station would capture the sun''s energy that never makes it to the planet, said Wang Li, a CAST research fellow with the program, when attending the sixth China-Russia Engineering Forum held last week in Xiamen, southeast China''s Fujian Province.
The energy is converted to microwaves or lasers and then beamed wirelessly back to the Earth''s surface for human consumption, Wang said.
根据中国空间技术研究院(CAST)的数据，中国计划到2035年建成一个200吨兆瓦级的空间太阳能发电站。
上周在中国东南部福建省厦门市举行的第六届中俄工程论坛上，中国科协项目研究员王力（音译）表示，天基太阳能电站将捕获那些永远不会到达地球的太阳能。
能量被转换成微波或激光，然后通过无线电波传回地球表面供人们使用，王说。
"We hope to strengthen international cooperation and make scientific and technological breakthroughs so that humankind can achieve the dream of limitless clean energy at an early date," Wang said.
王说:“我们希望通过加强国际合作，实现科技突破，让人类早日使用到永不枯竭的清洁能源。”
王说:“我们希望通过加强国际合作，实现科技突破，让人类早日使用到永不枯竭的清洁能源。”
Compared with traditional fossil energy, which has been increasingly exhausted and is responsible for severe environmental issues, space-based solar power is more efficient and sustainable, providing a reliable power supply solution for satellites and disaster-hit areas or isolated areas on the Earth, Wang said.
王说，与日渐枯竭并导致出现严重环境问题的传统化石能源相比，天基太阳能更高效和可持续，为其他卫星、地球上的灾区，或偏远地区提供了可靠的电力供应解决方案。
王说，与日渐枯竭并导致出现严重环境问题的传统化石能源相比，天基太阳能更高效和可持续，为其他卫星、地球上的灾区，或偏远地区提供了可靠的电力供应解决方案。
The concept of collecting solar power in space was popularized by science fiction author Isaac Asimov in 1941. In 1968, Peter Glaser, an American aerospace engineer, wrote a formal proposal for a solar-based system in space.
1941年，科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫(Isaac Asimov)普及了在太空收集太阳能的概念。1968年，美国航空工程师彼得·格拉泽(Peter Glaser)写了一份关于太空中太阳能系统的正式报告。
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1941年，科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫(Isaac Asimov)普及了在太空收集太阳能的概念。1968年，美国航空工程师彼得·格拉泽(Peter Glaser)写了一份关于太空中太阳能系统的正式报告。
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China has proposed various sunlight collecting solutions and made a number of major breakthroughs in wireless energy transmission since the country listed space-based solar power as a key research program in 2008.
自2008年中国将天基太阳能列为重点研究项目以来，该国提出了多种收集太阳能解决方案，并在无线能源传输方面取得了一系列重大突破。
自2008年中国将天基太阳能列为重点研究项目以来，该国提出了多种收集太阳能解决方案，并在无线能源传输方面取得了一系列重大突破。
However, ambition has long been a challenge for current technology because it involves the launch and installation of numerous solar panel modules and the efficient wireless transmission of mega energy.
然而，长久以来，梦想一直面临着现实技术的挑战，因为它涉及到大量太阳能电池板模块的发射和安装，以及兆级能源的高效无线传输。
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然而，长久以来，梦想一直面临着现实技术的挑战，因为它涉及到大量太阳能电池板模块的发射和安装，以及兆级能源的高效无线传输。
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With an investment of 200 million yuan (28.4 million U.S. dollars), China is building a testing base in Bishan, southwest China''s Chongqing Municipality, for the research of high-power wireless energy transmission and its impact on the environment.
中国将投资2亿元人民币(2840万美元)，在中国西南部的重庆市璧山建立一个测试基地，用于研究大功率无线能源传输及其对环境的影响。
中国将投资2亿元人民币(2840万美元)，在中国西南部的重庆市璧山建立一个测试基地，用于研究大功率无线能源传输及其对环境的影响。
Researches in this field will spur the country''s space science and innovation in emerging industries like commercial space transportations, Wang said.
王说，这一领域的研究将促进国家的空间科学和新兴产业的创新，如商业太空运输。
王说，这一领域的研究将促进国家的空间科学和新兴产业的创新，如商业太空运输。
"The power would then be beamed to receiving stations on earth using microwaves or laser beams."
One micro meteor impact and the beam shifts...
然后，能量将通过微波或激光束发送到地球上的接收站。”
不过一旦受到一颗很小的流星撞击，光束传输方向就会发生改变……
One micro meteor impact and the beam shifts...
然后，能量将通过微波或激光束发送到地球上的接收站。”
不过一旦受到一颗很小的流星撞击，光束传输方向就会发生改变……
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I can accept that. What scares the hell out of me is if someone tries to turn it into a weapon.
可以接受，但要是有人打算把它发展成武器，那就恐怖了
Using the technology in the book, without a pilot beam from the ground you don''t even get a coherent beam. So to use it as a weapon, you''d have to place a transmitter at the target. It''s easier and probably more effective to place a bomb there instead.
If you did use the microwaves, everybody would experience a slight warming until the ground transmitter is destroyed. Maybe there''d also be some electrical effects that damage electronics, I''m not sure.
根据书本里的技术，如果没有来自地面的导航光束，你甚至都无法得到一个连贯的能量流。所以要做成武器，你必须在目标上放一个光束导航装置。只有这样才能方便将目标打掉，效果也更好。
如果你真的用上了微波技术，所有人都会感到有种被烤的感觉，地面发射装置被毁。可能还出现损坏电子设备的电子效应，说不准。
The problem is that the cost of building space-based solar power stations has been estimated to be 1,000s of times more than the cost of current earth-based renewable power installations
This idea is counting on SpaceX and similar companies bringing the cost down by 1000x. China significantly lags US companies in rocket reusability.
“建造空间太阳能发电站的成本是目前在地球上建造可再生能源电厂的1000多倍。”
靠SpaceX和类似的公司降低1000倍成本的想法。说明中国在可重复使用火箭的方面明显落后于美国公司。
China has been stealing rocket technology from NASA and other governmental agencies for years and were just found out.
Doesn`t mean they know how to use what they stole but they have it none the less
这么些年，中国一直都在美国国家航空航天局和其他政府机构偷火箭技术，现在才被发现。
但这说明不了他们偷过来的东西他们就会用。
Seems like a waste. You either get the same hrs of sunlight as on earth and need to convert the energy at least 2 extra times.. Or you can get 24 and need to store the energy in batteries and convert the energy another 2 steps extra.
损耗可定挺大。你要么接受和地球上一样的日照时间，进行至少两次能量转换。要么24小时都接受光照把光能转储到电池里，但又多出两步去进行能量转换
I want to say a satellite in GeoSync orbit is only in shadow for tens of minutes every day. So if they had an installation, it would be able to generate and beam down power something like 23.8/7.
You are correct about it being a waste though. The conversion steps, transmission losses and launch costs compared to a ground based are orders of magnitude less favorable. Elon Musk owns a rocket company and a solar energy company and he won''t touch this. He is even on record saying that if anyone would want this technology to be feasible, it would be him.
我想你说的是地球同步轨道上的卫星，同步轨道卫星每天只有几十分钟处于阴影中。所以当他们有了这个电站，它差不多7天23.8小时都能产生并发电。
不过你说的没错，损耗是不小。但与地面发射相比，转换过程、传输损耗和能量发射成本要低几个数量级。埃隆马斯克名下有一家火箭公司和一家太阳能公司，但他不会碰这个。他甚至公开表示，要实现这种技术，那一定是他。
According to this book the transmission efficiency is 40% right now and theoretically up to 60%. This isn''t bad considering that over the course of 24 hours, a square meter of panel in geosynch gets five times as much sunlight as one on the ground, and you barely need batteries.
I''ve seen Musk''s comments but I haven''t seen him make a convincing case against this. I took the cost projections in the book, substituted BFR launch costs, and got 4 cents/kWh for low-carbon baseload power.
书上说，目前传输效率是40%，理论值为60%。如果一平方米的太阳能板连续24小时都处于光照中，产生的光能将是地表太阳能板的五倍，而且你几乎都不需要电池，这还不算坏。我看过马斯克的评论，但我没见他拿出过令人信服的解释。利用书中的原理我做了个成本预测，如果用BFR(注：马斯克公司研发的未来重型火箭）发射，成本将降到4美分/千瓦时的类似低碳基载电力。
I checked the SPS-ALPHA and it looks like it''s not even a coherent beam without the reference signal. From page 20:
The Retro-Directive Phased Array (RDPA). SPS-ALPHA incorporates the concept of the retrodirective phased array, which allows a large number of individual RF elements to be controlled and their transmissions made coherent through the use of a “pilot signal” transmitted from the site of the planned receiver. This technology (co-invented by Prof. Nobuyuki Kaya of Kobe University) allows the large microwave transmitter required for the concept to be assembled from modular elements via an RF version of adaptive optics. This technology has already been proven at low TRL in several field tests, including in Hawaii (2008), and at a conference in Canada (2009).
level 2cdub384-1 points·24 days ago
We''ve had wireless satellites since the 90''s though.
On a serious note, this seems wildly inefficient.
我们从90年代就有了人造卫星。
严肃地说，感觉这很低效。
Pretty soon they will start selling sunshine subscxtions because of the shadows they will cast.
很宽它们就会收取日照费了，因为它们可以遮挡阳光了
Good thing the sun is rather big.
还好太阳足够大
And it will be named the Death Star.
然后这个电站被命名为死星
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