如果德国的制造业也很发达，那为什么它不是像中国那样的经济巨人呢?-网帖翻译-龙腾网

A.M. Wilkinson, M.A. International Relations, University of Sydney (2005)
Germany has 83 million people with a workforce of 46 million. The German economy is just under $4 trillion. This works out at about $50,000 per capita
China has 1.4 billion people with a workforce of 807 million. The Chinese economy is $23 trillion. This works out at about $16,500 per capita.
Germany does not have a “giant economy” like China because it does not have 1.4 billion people. If China had only 83 million people like Germany does it’s economy would be only $1.3 trillion in size. Australia’s economy at $1.35 trillion would be larger and Australia has only 25 million people.
Demographics matter. If China had only 83 million people hardly anyone would be talking about China.

德国有8300万人口，4600万劳动力。德国经济规模略低于4万亿美元。这相当于每人约5万美元
中国有14亿人口，有8.07亿劳动力。中国经济规模是23万亿美元。这相当于每人16500美元。
德国没有中国那样的“巨型经济体”，是因为它没有14亿人口。如果中国像德国那样只有8300万人口，那么它的经济规模将只有1.3万亿美元。澳大利亚的经济规模为1.35万亿美元，并且将会更大，而澳大利亚只有2500万人口。
这是一个人口问题。如果中国只有8300万人口，那么将几乎没有人会谈论中国。

Ray Comeau, Decades working in analyzing risk and plotting strategy
Originally Answered: Germany is also good in manufacturing then why is not a giant economy like China?

原始回答:德国的制造业也不错，那为什么不是中国那样的经济巨人呢?

Thanks for request

谢邀

·German manufacturing accounts for roughly 20% of GDP
·China’s manufacturing is about 30%

·德国制造业大约占GDP的20%
·中国制造业大约占GDP的30%

·China’s manufacturing sector produces almost 5 times more than Germany

中国制造业的产量几乎是德国的5倍

·China has a GDP 3.5 times larger and growing 3 times as fast

中国的GDP是德国的3.5倍，增长速度是德国的3倍

Germany has two issues that relate to manufacturing and GDP size :

德国有两个与制造业和GDP规模有关的问题：

·German manufacturing wages are among the highest in the world therefore they manufacture high value products as opposed to mass market goods

德国的制造业工资是世界上最高的，因此他们制造高价值产品，而不是大众市场产品

·Germany’s working age population is only 53 million people

德国劳动适龄人口只有5300万

Ankur Misra, studied at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
Originally Answered: Germany is also good in manufacturing then why is not a giant economy like China?

原始回答:德国的制造业也不错，那为什么不是中国那样的经济巨人呢?

For your A2A

谢邀
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

You can''t compare apples to oranges, both are fruits by that logic!! Could you. Simply size of economy doesn''t matter only because of one sector, manufacturing!! Could it?? There is industrial production, services, agricultural production, natural resources demand supply, currency pricing, financial sector in a country , all play role. Industries do contribute to GDP but it''s ratio varies from 45–25% depending upon country to country.

你不能把苹果和橘子比较，按照这个逻辑，两者都是水果!!你能这么说吗？简单的经济规模不重要，仅仅因为一个部门，制造业!!可以这么认为吗? ?在一个国家中，工业生产、服务业、农业生产、自然资源需求供给、货币定价、金融部门等都发挥着作用。工业确实对GDP有贡献，但其比例因国而异，从45-25%不等。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

For instance India being an aberration, it has very highly developed services sector and low industrial base or you can say poor industrial output both in terms of yield and quality of products yet it is 6th largest economy why? The services sector!!

例如，印度是一个不正常的国家，它的服务业非常发达，工业基础很差，或者你可以说工业产出无论是产量还是质量都很差，但它是第六大经济体，为什么？因为服务业！！

Germany, Japan are consecutively fourth and third largest, but these are long moved away from low quality or average quality mass production of goods for high export bill, to newer avenues like automation based manufacturing, 3D Print techniques, robotics so on and so forth. Their high quality manufacturing can be guazed from fact that, they export quality based value goods hi-tech and don''t play in volumes like ''factory of the world'' China does.

德国、日本排名为第四和第三，但它们早已从低质量或平均质量的大宗商品生产转移到基于自动化制造、3D打印技术、机器人技术等新的途径。他们的高质量制造可以用这样一个事实来衡量：他们出口以质量为基础的有价值的高科技产品，而不像“世界工厂”中国那样大量出口。

These nations have very high per capita GDP and average incomes as to their low population, where China stands nowhere in sight.

这些国家的人均国内生产总值和人均收入都很高，但他们和中国不一样，他们人口很少。

Always size doesn''t matter!! Secondly let me tell you one more example, financial sector is well developed in UK, specifically London and is cause of much prosperity due to free market and trade of services, it doesn''t manufacture and export much. UK is 5th largest economy in the world positively soon be overtaken by India.

大小总是无关紧要的！！其次，让我再举一个例子，金融业在英国，特别是伦敦发展得很好，由于自由市场和服务贸易，那里非常繁荣，但它的制造业和出口业都不多。英国是世界第五大经济体，但很快就会被印度所取代。

One more interesting fact, in 1997 when China got control over Hongkong the size of Hongkong''s economy was larger than mainland China!! It was only economic reasons mostly that initially Beijing allowed one nation two systems to gain access to world market.

另一个有趣的事实是，1997年香港回归中国时，香港的经济规模比中国大陆还大！！最初北京允许一国两制进入世界市场，主要是经济原因。

The moral of the story is don''t fuss over size, giant or small. The quality of products/production matters. Germany can''t export much of its high-tech gear as other nations don''t have that ability to pay!! Germany is not a sweatshop of the world!!, It is a high-tech shop.

这个故事的寓意是，无论大小，都不要大惊小怪。产品的质量很重要。德国不能出口很多高科技装备，是因为其他国家没有能力支付!!德国不是世界血汗工厂!!而是一家高科技商店。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Secondly, China can cajole and keep low labour standards so as to produce cheap and imposter type goods just for exports. Germany need not do that, it is already a prosperous, developed country. Lastly, don''t overestimate China by construction boom, it has simmering problems due to stifled society which will reflect in economy sooner or later.

其次，中国可以保持低劳动标准，从而生产出廉价的、只用于出口的货。德国不需要这样做，它已经是一个繁荣、发达的国家。最后，不要高估中国的建设热潮，中国由于社会的问题迟早会反映在经济上。

Please don''t hear Indian politicians for any prospective on ''GDP GROWTH FIGURES'' fastest growing and all that crap, you will make a fool out of yourselves

请不要听印度政客对“GDP增长数字”的任何预期，增长最快的那些废话，你们会出丑的

Read and get enlightened, don''t run for propaganda. See all illegal tax havens and petroleum exporting countries have high per capita GDP.
World is not fair, those who work least enjoy the most!! Infact thieves have most wealth …
World is a facade or mirage, which has other reality when you dig deep!!

阅读并获得启迪，不要为宣传而四处奔走。所有的非法避税天堂和石油输出国人均GDP都很高。
世界是不公平的，工作最少的人享受最多!!事实上，小偷拥有最多的财富……
世界是一种假象或海市蜃楼，当你深挖的时候，它就有了其他的现实!!

Erik Sørensen
there is only one way to answer your question:

只有一种方法可以回答你的问题：

Germany IS a giant economy! As a matter of fact it’s the 4th largest in the world, exceeded only by the United States, China and Japan, which means that the remaining roughly 190 countries on the planet have smaller economies… if that does not make Germany a giant economy with its 4 trillion $ GDP, then I simply don’t know what is.
To compare it with another very rich country in Europe, the German company, Volkswagen group has a revenue of 260 billion $, which more than OECD country, Finland’s, GDP!
Germany is considered the economic powerhouse of Europe. It is and most likely always will be the largest economy on the single most prosperous continent, due to it’s massive export sector.
To claim Germany is not a giant economy is incorrect. The reason why, it’s economy is smaller than that of China has to do with fact, that China’s population is more than 10 times larger.

声称德国不是一个巨大的经济体是不正确的。为什么德国的经济规模比中国的要小，这是因为中国的人口规模是德国的十倍多。

China’s economy is roughly 3 times larger than Germany’s.

中国的经济规模大约是德国的3倍。

I rest my case…

我的话说完了
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

Yogishchandra Kamath, Master of Econ 101
Two things:
1.Manufacturing has nothing to do with how big your economy is. Infact, the highest value added per worker is in specific service sector jobs (finance, software, medical services etc). The richest economies (like America, Luxembourg, Hong Kong and Switzerland) actually have a very high share of the services in their GDP with manufacturing being outsourced to poorer neighboring countries.
2.Germany is a bigger economy than China on a per capita basis; significantly bigger infact. If China had the same per-capita productivity as Germany it would be a 60 trillion dollar economy instead of a 10 trillion dollar economy. If China had the same per-capita productivity as an advanced service economy like USA, it would have an 80 trillion dollar GDP.

两方面：
1.制造业与你的经济规模无关。事实上，每个工人的最高附加值是在特定的服务行业(金融、软件、医疗服务等)。最富裕的经济体(如美国、卢森堡、香港和瑞士)的服务业占GDP的比例实际上非常高，制造业外包给了较贫穷的邻国。
2.按人均计算，德国经济规模大于中国;事实上要大很多。如果中国的人均生产率和德国一样，那么中国的经济规模将是60万亿美元，而不是10万亿美元。如果中国的人均生产率和美国一样，是一个先进的服务经济体，那么中国的GDP将达到80万亿美元。

Jishnu Nag, Foreign Affairs Analyst
First of all, I like to answer this through how China’s economy has grown larger and overtaken the German one and that will satisfy your query.

首先，我想通过中国经济如何发展并超越德国来回答这个问题，这样可以解决你的疑惑

Germany is EU’s largest economy and global powerhouse of car manufacturing.Whereas China is world’s second largest economy and world’s largest manufacturing hub.But there is basic difference in the growth story of these two economies.China is an emerging economy with world’s largest middle income earner population.The rapid rise of China is majorly due to the huge demand from its middle-income population.And no country can match to that monumental demand.As the demand has risen so has the footfall of the global companies in China.These giants have shifted a huge part of their manufacturing to China and reordered their supply chain centering China.

德国是欧盟最大的经济体，也是全球汽车制造业的强国。而中国是世界第二大经济体和世界最大的制造业中心。但这两个经济体的增长情况有着根本的不同。中国是世界上中等收入人口最多的新兴经济体。中国的迅速崛起主要是由于其中等收入人口的巨大需求。没有一个国家能满足如此巨大的需求。随着需求的上升，跨国公司在华业务也加快了步伐。这些巨头已经将很大一部分制造业务转移到中国，并重新调整了以中国为中心的供应链。

Now let’s swing to the German story.Germany aspired to become world’s dominating superpower since the Bismark’s sprawling empire came to existence.Later that transformed into rabid nationalism under Hitler’s regime but it became self-sufficient on many fronts in the ambition to become world’s superpower mainly in the car industry.After the decimation in the world-war two it started rebuilding.But it took some time before the fairy-tale journey of its economy started rolling.The German growth is based upon its superiority in export.Germany has some of the world’s oldest and most prosperous corporations in a number of domains from automobile and technology to steel-making and sports.These companies have majorly driven the growth and also the German economy.

现在让我们谈谈德国的故事。自从俾斯麦庞大的帝国诞生以来，德国就渴望成为世界上的主导超级大国。后来，在希特勒的统治下，它转变为狂热的民族主义，但为了成为世界超级大国(主要在汽车行业)，它在许多方面都实现了自给自足。在第二次世界大战后，它开始重建。但过了一段时间，它的经济神话之旅才开始。德国的经济增长是基于它在出口方面的优势。德国拥有一些世界上最古老、最繁荣的企业，涉及汽车、科技、钢铁制造和体育等多个领域。这些公司是德国经济增长的主要驱动力。

Wolfgang Maleck, studied at AMS Viernheim (1979)
Satiric mode on:
Because we lost the two world wars :-o

讽刺模式开启：
因为我们输掉了两次世界大战

Satiric mode off:
Even IF Hitler had won, Germany would probably not have the nearly the same population China has, unless either
- the German women would have had 4 or 5 children each in the post-war period, then again in the next generations in the 1970s and around the year 2000
- or the Nazis had markedly liberalized their racist stance and thus immigration politics, making a lot of people "Honorary Arians".

讽刺模式关闭：
即使希特勒赢了，德国的人口可能也没有中国那么多，除非
-德国妇女在战后会各生4到5个孩子，然后在70年代和2000年前后的下一代继续生4到5个
-或者纳粹明显地放宽他们的种族主义立场和移民政治，使许多人成为“名誉雅利安人”。

Of course, if Wilhelm II had won, Germany would have had one century for birthing children, thus one generation more, and IMPERIAL Germany was NOT racist.
On the minus side, Wilhelm II''s larger Germany would not have included Austria, or todays Czech republic, and the Imperials, unlike Hitler, did not have the hubris to claim Eastern Europe up to the Ural.

当然，如果威廉二世(Wilhelm II)获胜，德国将有一个世纪的时间来生孩子，这样就多了一代人，而且德意志帝国也不是种族主义。
不利的一面是，威廉二世的德国将不包括奥地利，也不会包括今天的捷克共和国，他不像希特勒，不会傲慢地要求从东欧侵略到乌拉尔。

However, even after losing the wars, and a good sized part of its territory (all in all about 1/3, and this does not even count the colonies), Germany has still the fourth largest economy in the world, past USA, China, and Japan.

然而，即使输掉了战争和相当大一部分领土(总共约1/3，这还不包括殖民地)，德国仍然是世界第四大经济体，仅次于美国、中国和日本。
原创翻译：龙腾网 https://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处

In the next ten years, Germany will probably be overtaken by India.
Still, rank number five is pretty good for an 80-million-people-nation.
IF the UK has an extraordinary performance pas BREXIT, and can fend off Scottish independence, it might become a serious competitor for rank five.

在未来十年，德国可能会被印度超越。
尽管如此，排名第五对于一个拥有8000万人口的国家来说还是相当不错的。
如果英国在脱欧问题上表现出色，能够抵御苏格兰独立，那么它可能会成为排名第五的有力竞争者。

Also, when it comes to PER CAPITA wealth, and if you look at nations with the same or larger populations, then ONLY the USA are richer.

此外，在人均财富方面，如果你看看那些人口相同或更多的国家，只有美国更富有。

Punit Kumar, studies Mechanical Engineering (2020)
GDP of a country is the measure of how much goods it produce. The amount of production is according how much demand/consumer in the market. China has more population, so it produces more while population of Germany is nowhere in comparison with china.

一个国家的GDP是衡量它生产多少商品的标准。产量取决于市场上的需求量/消费者。中国有更多的人口，所以它生产更多的产品，而德国的人口是无法与中国相比的。

Germany is biggest among the other European countries because of Manufacturing sector but it has reached maximum limit an economy can attain.

由于制造业，德国具有欧洲国家中最大的经济规模，但其规模已经达到了最大限度。

Germany has become saturated economy. It''s growth rate is zero or negative. GDP per capita of Germany is USD 44000 while that of China is USD 8000. Now it is clear that Germany is much more prosperous than China.

德国经济已趋于饱和。德国的人均国内生产总值为4.4万美元，而中国的人均国内生产总值为8000美元，这表明德国比中国繁荣得多。

By 2050, India and China will be the biggest economies in the world because other bigger economies have reached at saturated level and they cannot grow fast like India and China.

到2050年，印度和中国将成为世界上最大的经济体，因为其他更大的经济体已经达到饱和水平，它们不能像印度和中国那样快速增长。