新技术可捕获大气中的二氧化碳 改善全球变暖问题
Researchers have developed a new material that can sextively capture carbon dioxide molecules, and efficiently convert them into useful organic products -- an advance that may help develop new ways to contain global greenhouse gas emissions.
译文简介
研究人员已经开发出一种新材料，可以选择性地捕获二氧化碳分子，并有效地将它们转化为有用的有机产品——这一进展可能有助于开发新的方法来控制全球温室气体排放。
正文翻译
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原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
Researchers have developed a new material that can sextively capture carbon dioxide molecules, and efficiently convert them into useful organic products -- an advance that may help develop new ways to contain global greenhouse gas emissions.
研究人员已经开发出一种新材料，可以选择性地捕获二氧化碳分子，并有效地将它们转化为有用的有机产品——这一进展可能有助于开发新的方法来控制全球温室气体排放。
The researchers, including those from Kyoto University in Japan, said that the new material had high affinity towards carbon dioxide molecules, and can quickly and effectively convert it into useful organic materials.
包括日本京都大学的研究人员在内的研究人员表示，这种新材料对二氧化碳分子有很高的亲和力，可以迅速有效地将其转化为有用的有机材料。
包括日本京都大学的研究人员在内的研究人员表示，这种新材料对二氧化碳分子有很高的亲和力，可以迅速有效地将其转化为有用的有机材料。
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, noted that a possible way to counteract the excess carbon dioxide produced from burning fossil fuels was to capture and sequester the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.
这项发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的研究指出，抵消化石燃料燃烧产生的过量二氧化碳的一种可能方法是捕获并隔离大气中的温室气体。
这项发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的研究指出，抵消化石燃料燃烧产生的过量二氧化碳的一种可能方法是捕获并隔离大气中的温室气体。
However, the researchers said that currently available methods were highly energy intensive to do so.
然而，研究人员表示，目前的方法是高度能源密集型的。
然而，研究人员表示，目前的方法是高度能源密集型的。
The new material developed by the researchers is a porous polymer -- PCP, also known as MOF or metal-organic frxwork -- consisting of zinc metal ions.
研究人员开发的新材料是一种多孔聚合物——PCP，也被称为MOF或金属有机骨架，由锌金属离子组成。
研究人员开发的新材料是一种多孔聚合物——PCP，也被称为MOF或金属有机骨架，由锌金属离子组成。
The researchers tested this material using X-ray structural analysis, and found that it can sextively capture only carbon dioxide molecules with ten times more efficiency than other PCPs.
研究人员用x射线结构分析测试了这种材料，发现它只能选择性地捕获二氧化碳分子，效率是其他pcp的十倍。
研究人员用x射线结构分析测试了这种材料，发现它只能选择性地捕获二氧化碳分子，效率是其他pcp的十倍。
The study noted that the material has an organic component with a propeller-like molecular structure.
该研究指出，该材料有一个有机成分，具有类似螺旋桨的分子结构。
该研究指出，该材料有一个有机成分，具有类似螺旋桨的分子结构。
When carbon dioxide molecules approach the structure, the researchers said that the molecule rotated and rearranged to trap the gas molecules.
当二氧化碳分子接近这种结构时，研究人员说，这种分子会旋转和重新排列来捕获气体分子。
当二氧化碳分子接近这种结构时，研究人员说，这种分子会旋转和重新排列来捕获气体分子。
This resulted in slight changes to the molecular channels within the PCP, allowing it to act as a sieve which can recognize molecules by their size and shape, the study noted.
研究指出，这导致PCP内的分子通道发生轻微的变化，使其成为一个可以根据分子大小和形状识别分子的筛子。
研究指出，这导致PCP内的分子通道发生轻微的变化，使其成为一个可以根据分子大小和形状识别分子的筛子。
The researchers said that the PCP is also recyclable with the efficiency of the trapping process not decreasing even after 10 reaction cycles.
研究人员说，PCP也是可回收的，即使经过10个反应周期，捕获过程的效率也不会降低。
研究人员说，PCP也是可回收的，即使经过10个反应周期，捕获过程的效率也不会降低。
"One of the greenest approaches to carbon capture is to recycle the carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals, such as cyclic carbonates which can be used in petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals," said co-author of the study Susumu Kitagawa from Kyoto University.
京都大学的Susumu Kitagawa是这项研究的合著者，他说:“最环保的碳捕获方法之一是将二氧化碳循环成高价值的化学物质，比如可用于石化和制药的环状碳酸盐。”
京都大学的Susumu Kitagawa是这项研究的合著者，他说:“最环保的碳捕获方法之一是将二氧化碳循环成高价值的化学物质，比如可用于石化和制药的环状碳酸盐。”
The researchers said that the captured gas molecules could be converted and used to make polyurethane -- a material with a wide variety of applications including clothing, domestic appliances and packaging.
研究人员表示，捕获的气体分子可以被转化并用于制造聚氨酯——一种应用广泛的材料，包括服装、家用电器和包装。
研究人员表示，捕获的气体分子可以被转化并用于制造聚氨酯——一种应用广泛的材料，包括服装、家用电器和包装。
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Yes, everyone, we know trees and algae already do this, and yes we should protect both, but having the option to create something like this is also helpful, because it takes time for trees and algae to regrow.
是的，我们已经知道树木和藻类会这样做了，我们应该保护这两样东西，但选择创造这样的东西也是有帮助的，因为树木和藻类也是需要时间来再生的。
Plants are only 1-2% efficient. Solar is 20 something % efficient. Depending in the energetics of the CO2 capture it may be more productive to build carbon capture solutions than grow them.
植物的转化效率只有1-2%。太阳能电池的转化效率是20%左右。根据二氧化碳捕获能量的原理，来建立碳捕获解决方案可能比种植植物更有效。
But this approach only captures free CO2 molecules, and doesn''''t undergo the energetically expensive task of converting them into useful carbon chains. Without this step, this material could be useful for selling CO2 obtained from the atmosphere, but it doesn''''t sequester carbon, which is accomplished by living biomass. It could possibly be useful for sequestering carbon if it were buried deep in the ground after a single use.
但是这种方法只能捕获游离的二氧化碳分子，而不需要花费大量的能量将它们转化成有用的碳链。如果没有这一步，那这种材料只是单纯的从大气中收集二氧化碳，不能像植物那样隔离碳，这是由生物质的作用完成的。如果它在使用一次后被深埋在地下，它可能对隔离碳很有用。
I think their point is that plants are much less efficient at capturing solar energy to do the work of sequestration. With solar panels, the carbon could be captured and sequestered with less sunlight than plants.
Once captured, there are lots of processes that can be used to sequester it, like the Bosch reaction which converts CO2 and H2 to graphite (C) and H20.
我认为他们的观点是，植物吸收太阳能的效率要低得多。有了太阳能电池板，就可以比植物更效率的捕获并隔离碳。
一旦捕获，有许多措施可以用来隔离它，如博世反应，将二氧化碳和氢气转化为碳和水。
Imagin a Process that automated turning sunlight, wind and CO2 into carbon fibre.
想象一下将阳光、风能和二氧化碳自动转化为碳纤维的过程。
It could possibly be useful for sequestering carbon if it were buried deep in the ground after a single use.
There''''s a lot of active research in geological carbon storage right now. Research was initially propelled as an enhanced oil recovery tech, but is coming into its own as a climate change tech. The biggest barrier to practicality is sequestering enough atmospheric carbon (at a cost people are currently willing to pay) to make a dent in climate change.
-“如果它在使用一次后被深埋在地下，它可能对隔离碳很有用。”
目前在地质碳储存方面有很多积极的研究。研究最初是作为增强石油开采技术而推进的，但现在正逐渐成为一种气候变化相关技术。实用性的最大障碍是隔离足够的大气碳(以人们目前愿意支付的代价)，以削弱气候变化。
Are you comparing the electricity efficiancy of trees and solar pannels? I don''''t get what you are trying to compare.
But even then planting trees is a low tech solution that can be used in conjunction with higher tech solutions. This diversity is a good thing.
你是在比较树木和太阳能电池板的能效吗?我不明白你想比较什么。
但即便如此，植树仍然是一种低技术的解决方案，可以与更高技术的解决方案结合使用。这种多样性是一件好事。
What is like to know is who funded this research?
有人知道都有谁资助了这项研究吗？
It says who right in the journal article at the end:
This work was supported by
the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Outstanding Youth (grant number BK20180105),
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 21401087, 21401086),
PAPD and TAPP of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,
JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research (Grant no. 25000007) and
Scientific Research (S) (JP18H05262). We also thank the support from WPI-iCeMS.
杂志文章最后说:
这项工作得到了以下单位的支持
江苏省优秀青年自然科学基金(资助号:BK20180105)
国家自然科学基金(资助号21401087、21401086)
江苏省高等教育机构江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目和江苏高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目，
日本振兴委员会 KAKENHI特别促进研究补助金(资助号:25000007)和
科研所(S) (JP18H05262)。我们也感谢世平集团整合细胞材料学的支持。
Question - doesn’t the energy production required to bind CO2 into new molecules itself require the release of a similar amount of CO2 as a byproduct (assuming fossil fuels). I always thought it was kind of a zero sum situation with thermodynamics.
提问-难道将二氧化碳结合到新分子中所需要的能量生产本身不需要释放出等量的二氧化碳作为副产品吗(假设是化石燃料)?我一直认为热力学是一种零和的情况。
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Energy production does not have to require co2 release. Solar, wind, nuclear, geothermal, tidal, to name a few.
不是所有能源生产都需要释放二氧化碳。太阳能，风能，核能，地热，潮汐，等等。
But until we’re 100% energy neutral in our power production, any new renewable energy sources would be better spent just replacing fossil fuels. It’s like spending energy scooping water out of a sinking ship instead of using that energy to patch the hole.
Not to take away from the importance of the discovery. I’m just afraid we won’t be able to use it until we’re 100% neutral.
但是，在我们的电力生产达到100%的碳中性（即不产生额外的二氧化碳）之前，任何新的可再生能源都应该更好地用于替代化石燃料。这就像花精力从一艘正在下沉的船上舀水，而不是拿这些精力用来修补漏洞。
并不是要否定这一发现的重要性。我只是担心在我们达到100%碳中性之前我们无法使用它。
We don''''t have to be 100% neutral. There are regions of the world where it will not be difficult to go over 100% of electricity needs, and areas where it will be difficult. The areas where it''''s easier, like the sunny desert, or windy Scotland, can use the excess energy they produce to put into carbon capture.
我们不必一定要百分百碳中性。世界上有些地区的电力生产很容易达到100%碳中性，有些地区则很难达到。那些比较容易的地区，比如阳光充足的沙漠，或者多风的苏格兰，可以利用它们产生的多余能量用来捕获碳。
I always assumed "100% neutral" didn''''t mean everything that everyone everywhere did was carbon neutral. I figured it was a net 100%. Some things like airliners, laptops and making sterile plastic in hospitals would be carbon producers but other things would be negative carbon.
我总是说“100%碳中性”并不意味着世界上每个人做的每件事都是碳中性的。我认为它是个净百分百。像制造飞机、笔记本电脑和无菌塑料这样的东西会产生碳，但其他东西会吸收碳。
But until we’re 100% energy neutral in our power production, any new renewable energy sources would be better spent just replacing fossil fuels. It’s like spending energy scooping water out of a sinking ship instead of using that energy to patch the hole.
While that''''s true now the hope is that eventually it won''''t be. We are just getting to the point in a few places that renewables are in significant surplus at times. That could be the time that these units are powered up.
Eventually this type of system could be used for rapid sequestration based on extremely cheap renewables. So let''''s get it ready now.
-“...这就像花精力从一艘正在下沉的船上舀水，而不是拿这些精力用来修补漏洞。”
虽然我们现在的状况是这样，但希望以后不会是这样。在一些地方，可再生能源有时会出现大量过剩。在这种地方新技术就有用了。
最终，这种新技术可以利用廉价的可再生能源快速隔离二氧化碳。让我们拭目以待吧。
True but also all generated energy is not necessarily utilized and the cost of getting renewable energy in some areas is more than other.
Eg. You could have a huge solar farm in the desert that can generate far more energy than it can distribute. On the other hand you can have places that are not good at generating renewable energy efficiently
的确如此，但并非所有的产生的能源都被利用，而且在一些地区获得可再生能源的成本比其他地区要高。
如。你可以在沙漠里建一个巨大的太阳能发电厂，产生的能量远远超过它所能输送的能量。另一方面，有些地方则没有条件高效地生产可再生能源
Seems like a carbon tax with cap and trade would be good for this system. Set up an off grid plant in a really ideal location for renewables and sell credits to some other country.
似乎碳排放税和排放限制与额度交易对这个系统是有好处的。在一个对可再生能源来说非常理想的地方建一个离网工厂，然后把碳信用卖给其他国家。
Yes. From a physics standpoint; this is exactly the kind of thing money is good for. Transferring value of a thing from one time or place to another where it can be useful.
是的。从物理学的观点来看;这正是金钱的好处。把一件东西的价值从一个时间或地点转移到另一个它可能有用的地方。
That’s a good point. This could be a great way to use excess energy when there’s no where to “put” it.
说得好。当没有地方可以“放置”多余的能量，这可能是一种利用多余能量的好方法。
even on a local level, you will probably have to build more capacity than you need on average – you need to be able to satisfy peak demand on bad days, after all. That means you''''ll have overproduction on good days and when demand is low. Energy intensive processes like carbon capture or hydrogen production through electrolysis could be useful ways to utilize the excess energy.
即便是在城市里，你可能也不得不建造比平均需求更多的产能——毕竟，你需要在糟糕天气的时候满足用电峰值需求。这意味着在好天气和需求低的时候，你会有产能过剩。像碳捕获或电解制氢这样的能源密集型过程可能是利用多余能源的有效途径。