quora网友：韩国在文化和语言上更接近中国还是日本？-网帖翻译-龙腾网

Shane Ryoo, Grandparents born in what's now North Korea.

Shane Ryoo, 祖父母在在北朝鲜出生
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Answered Apr 21, 2016
It depends on the specific comparison point.

对于不同的比较点，具体问题需要具体对待。

Keep in mind that due to Japanese occupation of Korea in the 20th century, a lot of Japanese influences, some of which might be positive, have been purposely discarded in the Koreas. Also, Japan was highly isolated for approximately 200 years (1640-1853), which limited the amount of outside influence during that period.

请记住，由于在20世纪日本占领过韩国，韩国受到了日本许多影响，其中一些可能是积极的，这些影响被有意丢弃在了韩国。此外，日本被高度孤立了大约200年（1640-1853年），这段期间，限制了日本对外部的影响。
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On the other hand, in the past century, Japan controlled Korea for 40 years and the RoK and Japan have been nominally democratic neighbors for several more decades. During that time, China underwent enormous upheaval, by Europeans, civil war, Mao and his successors. So it really depends on specific points.
For language:

另一方面，在过去的一个世纪里，日本统治了韩国40年，之后韩国和日本，在名义上是民主国家，并做了邻国几十年。在此期间，中国经历了欧洲、内战及国内的巨大动荡。所以韩国跟谁更接近，这取决于具体的点。
语言：

In terms of vocabulary, common Korean vocabulary is estimated to be 60% or more Chinese loan words. Words that are similar in Korean and Japanese can often, if not usually, be traced back to a common Chinese origin. Two examples I use are newspaper (shinmun/shinbun) and noodles (la myun/ramen/lomien). Wikipedia has an article on shared words: Sino-Korean vocabulary. There's a separate Quora question on the relationship between Korean and Chinese: What are the similarities between Korean and Chinese?

在词汇方面，韩国语常用词汇估计有60%以上的汉语借用词。在韩语和日语中类似的词，通常可以追溯到一个共同的中国起源。我来举两个例子，报纸（shinmun/shinbun）和面条（la myun/ramen/lomien）就是这样。维基百科有一篇关于共享词汇的文章：中韩词汇（译注：此处是个链接）。关于韩国人和中国人的关系有一个单独的问题：韩国人和中国人有什么相似之处（译注：此处又是一个链接）？

However, the basic structure of Korean sentences is subject-obxt-verb, which Japanese (and many other languages) share. I'm not sure if that's inherited or simply a natural language pattern, although some linguists have made claims that Korean is far more close to Finnish (yes, from Finland) in the details than Japanese, so I would lean towards the latter.

然而，韩语句子的基本结构是主语-宾语-动词，日语（以及许多其他语言）都有这种结构。我不确定这是继承于日语，还是简单的自然语言模式，尽管一些语言学家声称韩语在细节上比日语更接近芬兰语（是的，来自芬兰），所以我倾向于后者。

Korean traditional dress (hanbok) shares similar origins as Chinese dress and was influenced by styles and materials multiple times in history. Chinese like to point out the similarity of modern hanbok to Tang Dynasty dress, but I haven't found solid evidence that it was a direct derivation.

韩国传统服饰（韩服）与中国服饰有着相似的渊源，在历史上多次受到汉服款式和面料的影响。中国人喜欢指出现代韩服与唐代服饰的相似之处，但我没有找到确凿的证据证明这是一种直接的衍生。

Food travels and mutates very rapidly, so it depends, plus there's no single "Chinese cuisine." Many Japanese like kimchi and grilled meats these days. On the other side, there is a class of Chinese-Korean food brought from northern Korea by refugees, and that's what I ate growing up. I can find those dishes more easily in Chinese restaurants than even Korean sometimes.

食物的传播和菜式的变异非常迅速，这要视情况而定，而且并没有单一的“中国菜”。现在很多日本人喜欢泡菜和烤肉。另一方面，难民从朝鲜北部带来了一类韩式中餐，那是我从小吃的东西。我有时在中国餐馆比韩式餐馆更容易找到那些菜。

One aspect that Japan and the Republic of Korea share is the conglomerate structure of large companies (zaibatsu versus chaebol): I believe it was an intentional copy on the part of the founders of RoK companies. I would say the work environment and sense of status is similar, although I don't know if it's inherited.

日本和大韩民国在一个方面是相同的，就是大型公司的集团结构（财阀对财阀）：我认为这是韩国公司创始人有意复制的。我会说工作环境和职位设置的感觉是相似的，尽管我不知道它是否是继承于日本的。

In any case, they are three different countries and cultures.

无论如何，他们都是三个不同的国家和文化。

Silvia Kim, lives in Toronto, ON (2015-present)

Silvia Kim,住在多伦多

Answered Apr 29, 2018
Both Japan and Korea were influenced by China a lot. Korea brought Chinese letters to write during Han dynasty, while it was Tang dynasty in Japan. That’s the reason why Chinese letters sound similar to each other among the three countries but all different.

日本和韩国都深受中国的影响。韩国人在汉朝时带回了中国汉字的书写系统，而日本则是在唐朝。这就是为什么中国字的发音在这三个国家听起来很相似，但都不完全一样的原因。
So, my point is that Korean traditional culture was tremendously affected by China, but, still many cultural heritages from Japan have existed in Korean society. Many new vocabularies from western countries such as democracy (民主主意), society(社會), and state(國家) are translated by Japanese and although these words are written in Chinese letters, it’s Japanese cultural heritage in that they accepted the new concepts from the western world and found the proper Chinese letters to express the words. Korea was a lot affected by Japanese in that sense. Many of the modern manners, cultural practices, social system and education system in Korea derived from Japan.
因此，我的观点是，韩国传统文化受到中国的巨大影响，但是，在韩国社会仍然存在着许多来自日本的文化遗产。许多西方国家的新词，如民主、社会、国家等，都是用日语翻译来的，虽然这些词都是用中文写的，但它们接受了西方世界的新概念，找到了合适的中文字母来表达这些新概念，这是日本的文化遗产。在这个意义上，韩国受到了日本的影响。韩国的许多现代礼仪、文化习俗、社会制度和教育制度都源于日本。

Another point is that actually we are living in the world where the culture is connected to the traditional norm, but also disconnected from it. Nobody is talking about the modern Chinese society. What can you come up with if you should think of Chinese traditional costume? Is that Chi-pao? That’s actually Manchrians’. Traditional Chinese costume that affected Japanese and Korean costume was Hanfu, but even a lot of Chinese don’t know how Hanfu looked like and has changed much. A lot of confucianistic practices disappeared during the communist regime and the cultural revolution in China. So I’m really not so sure if it’s correct if the Korean culture is very similar to Chinese one because of confucianistic practices these days. Maybe in some parts. Personally, I felt more common in Taiwanese and Japanese.

另一个观点是，实际上我们生活在一个文化与传统规范相联系，但又与之脱节的世界中。没有人在谈论现代中国社会。你觉得中国传统服装怎么样？那是旗袍吗？实际上这是满人的服饰。影响日本和韩国服装的中国传统服装是汉服，但即使是很多中国人也不知道汉服是什么样子，而且汉服已经发生了很大的变化。。略。。所以，从最近的儒家实践来看，我真的不太确定韩国文化与中国文化相似，这个命题到底正不正确。也许在某些地方是对的。就我个人而言，我觉得韩国与台湾日本有更多的共同点。

Charles Bender
Answered Dec 6, 2017
Historical Linguistic is know for being a tool of Westerns to justify all kinds of racist ideologies, for example, they have already tried to create a connection between Finns are Mongols, at a time when Finland was poor and consequently Finns suffered racism, or even to say that literally all civilizations were founded by "Nordic Aryans from Hyperborea" (using one word or half of it as “proof”).

历史语言学，被认为是西方用来佐证各种种族主义意识形态的工具，例如，他们已经试图在建立芬兰人与蒙古人的联系，当时芬兰很穷，因此芬兰人遭受种族主义，甚至有炒作说所有文明都是由“北欧雅利安人”建立的（仅用一词半字作为所谓的“证据”）。

Pseudoscientific language comparison - Wikipedia
Korea was once classified as a totally independent language, and as closer to China (at the time of Empire of Japan). But since today Japan is a North American colony, it is interesting to Westerners that Korea be annexed by Japan so that both can be used as puppets against China.

韩国曾经被视为一种完全独立的语言，并且更接近中国（在日本帝国时期）。但由于今天日本是一个美国殖民地，让西方国家很感兴趣的是，韩国可以被日本吞并，这样两者都可以作为对抗中国的傀儡。

Everyone I know who speaks Korean and Cantonese say they are similar languages, and the Japanese language has already been associated with Nordic, Israeli, Finnish and Hungarian so it is a little bit obvious that there is an inconsistency in this discourse.
About culture, they are all part of Sinosphere:

我认识的每一个说韩语和广东话的人，都说两者是相似的语言，日语已经与北欧语、以色列语、芬兰语和匈牙利语联系在一起了，所以很明显，日语跟韩语很不同。
关于文化，它们都是中国领域的一部分：

Hayashi Miyako
Answered Nov 7
I am Japanese and I have lived in 3 countries and speak the 3 languages also.

我是日本人，我在这三个国家都住过，会说三国语言。

As, for the language, Korean is very very close to Japanese. Korean and Japanese are similar in grammer and other fundamental features. Chinese is quite different from Korean though many words are borrowed from Chinese. Therefore Korean people can learn Japanese fluently within short period of study and vice versa. Google translation is quite accurate between the two languages.

因为，在语言上，韩语与日语非常接近。韩语和日语在语法和其他基本特征上是相似的。尽管许多单词都是从汉语中借来的，但是汉语和韩语有很大的不同。因此韩国人可以在短时间内学会日语，反之亦然。谷歌翻译在两种语言之间来回翻译相当准确。

As for the culture, both. Close to Japanese in some cases, but some cases close to Chinese. I think Confucious influence is behind this. Some cases not like both.

至于文化，两者都是。在某些情况下接近日本，但有些情况接近中国。我认为这背后是受到儒家的影响。有些情况跟两者都不同。

Sarel Duvenage, Chemical engineer & wannabe linguist
Answered Jan 5, 2017
Linguistically, it has been argued that Korean is more closely related to Japanese (part of the controversial Altaic family). The paper at the lix below implies that Korean and Japanese is actually closer related to Icelandic than to Chinese and that they split off from languages at the other end of Eurasia about 55 thousand years back. So, on that argument, linguistically closer to Japan. I think that subsequent contact and interchange would have blurred away genetic relationships, although some of the real answers jibes with Korean and Japanese being more closely related.

从语言上讲，有人认为韩国人与日本人（阿尔泰家族的一部分，但又有争议）关系更为密切。以下链接中的文章表明了，相对于汉语，韩语和日语实际上与冰岛语的关系更为密切。在大约55000年前，它们与欧亚大陆另一端的语言分离开来。所以，基于这个论点，韩国在语言上更接近日本。尽管随后历史上的接触和交流会让基因关系变得模糊，然而我认为，真正的答案可能是韩国和日本的关系更为密切。
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Youji Hajime, lived in Japan

Youji Hajime,住在日本

Answered Jul 25, 2016
One could argue that korean and Japanese are two separate Tungus barbarians which adopted Chinese civilisation.

有人可能会说，韩国和日本是两个各自独立的通古斯野蛮人，他们都接受了中国文明。

That is why japanese and korean grammatical structure are near identical while both have large loan words from Chinese. Japanese differ greatly in pronounciation system from korean Manchurian and Mongol because Japanese is a bit of hybrid of indiginous Ainu.

这就是为什么日语和韩语的语法结构几乎相同，但都有大量汉语借用词的原因。日语在发音系统上与朝鲜、满蒙语有很大的不同，因为日语是一种阿伊努语的混合体。

Linguistically, Korean and Japanese are much closer and Chinese belong to a completely separate group. There is a speculation that japanese, korean, Manchurian, Mongol, etc belong to much larger Ural-Altaic linguistic group which include Turkish and possibly Finish and even Hungarian.

从语言上讲，韩国人和日本人的关系更为密切，而中国人则是一个完全独立的群体。有人猜测，日本、韩国、满洲、蒙古等属于更大的乌拉尔阿尔泰语系，包括土耳其语，甚至匈牙利语。

Kei Kim, Sinior Specialist at LG (2010-present)

Kei Kim, LG的老员工

Answered Apr 30, 2018
China had more influence to Korea historically.
the Traditional Korean Holidays are similar to Chinese~
There are Korean speaking Chinese in Manchuria ~ also there are many Korean speaking chinese in Korea too.

历史上，中国对韩国的影响更大。
传统的韩国节日和中国的相似~
满洲有说韩语的中国人~还有很多说汉语的韩国人。

However, three countries were never closer to each other.. that is why there are three countries upto now, remains not unified.

然而，三个国家之间并没有彼此接近。这就是为什么到目前为止有三个国家，仍然没有变成一个国家。

Korean Language has Chinese words as Vocabs pronounced in Korean ways, and they are 60~70% of them. it means, most of the things called in some name~ if it was from China, made in China~ then we called it in Chinese words..

韩国语有汉语词汇，这些词使用韩国语发音，他们大约占60～70%。也就是说，大多数事物都是以某种名词性的名称来称呼的，如果某个事物是来自中国的，那么我们就用中文来称呼它。

However Chinese Language do not have similar grammar at all.. when there were no Korean language~ Koreans used Chinese letters to speak and write the Korean language.. we used the sound of letters.. but it was not effective also not suitable to Korean. That's why Korean Language was invented.

然而，汉语根本没有类似的语法。当没有韩国语时，韩国人用汉字来说和写朝鲜语。我们用了汉字的声音。但它的效果不好，也不适合韩国人。这就是韩国语被发明的原因。

Historically, both China & Japan invaded Korean peninsula~ many times~ so to Korea was all enemy~ as when they invade~ killing and stealing ~ raping ~ slaving was main thing... they did it for fun.. so the relationship couldn't get better.. imagine~ if you could make friend who killed your mom and dad.. raped your sisters.. no way~

历史上，中日两国都入侵过朝鲜半岛很多次~所以对朝鲜来说都是敌人~当他们入侵的时候，主要带来了杀戮、盗窃、强暴、奴役……他们这么做是为了找乐子。所以韩国跟这两国的关系不会变得太好……想象一下，如果你要跟杀死你父母朋友、强奸了你的姐妹的人做朋友……根本不可能~

Japan is the last country (apart from North) who invaded Korea in WW2 times.. so Koreans do still have feelings to Japan..

日本在第二次世界大战中从北方入侵了韩国，是最后一个入侵韩国的国家。所以至今韩国人仍然对日本存在感情问题。

Some Korean people says the Beakjae one of the ancient kingdom in Korea has fled to Japan, so they become Japan now... but this theory cannot be proved. it's simply too long time ago.

一些韩国人说，古代朝鲜中的一个古老王国，百济逃到了日本，所以他们现在变成了日本…但是这个理论还不能被证明，因为这个已经年代太久了。

Recent Era, the relationship based on deplomacy, makes trade on going~
answer to your Q is China anyways.. different but related~ closer? far away but closer than Japan.

最近的这一个悲观时代，贸易仍在继续进行。~
你的问题的答案是中国。两者不太一样，但是比日本更为接近。

Joseph K. Kim
Answered Apr 21, 2016
Japan.

日本。

In terms of sentence structure, Korean and Japanese share the same sentence structure.

在句子结构上，韩语和日语有着相同的句子结构。

Also, many of the vocabulary and how they are pronounced share significant resemblences.

而且，许多词汇以及它们的发音方式有着显著的相似性。

Also, during the occupation era, Japan have introduced many foreign concepts and materials, resulting these words to sound almost identical.

此外，在日本占领的时代，日本将许多外国概念和材料引入到韩国，使这些词听起来几乎相同。

Alec Fougue Aoyama, studied at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Answered Apr 28, 2018
Historically speaking, Korea, IMHO, is more close to China culturally (dressing, olden times’ hairstyles, and facially), and linguistically (you probably gleaned a “60% of Korean language came from Chinese” from the previous replies). In addition, there are quite a few of present - day Koreans, who are Chinese descendants. It is quite easy to distinguish them. Generally speaking, Korean names consist of 3 parts: last name (one syllable) and first name (two syllables); whereas Koreans of Chinese descent have names consisting of two parts/syllables: last name (one syllable) and first name (one syllable).

从历史上讲，恕我直言，韩国更接近中国文化（着装，旧时代的发型，面部），语言（你可能从之前的回复中可以看到60%的韩语来自中国）。此外，现在的韩国人中有不少人是中国人的后代。很容易区分它们。一般来说，韩国人的名字由三个音节组成：姓（一个音节）和名（两个音节）；而中国后裔的韩国人的名字由两部分/音节组成：姓（一个音节）和名（一个音节）。

quora网友：韩国在文化和语言上更接近中国还是日本？

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